40
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
3 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found

      Mädchen mit Störungen des Sozialverhaltens

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisher
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Während Studien zur Störung des Sozialverhaltens (Conduct Disorder; CD) in der Vergangenheit fast ausschließlich mit Jungen durchgeführt wurden, sind in den letzten Jahren betroffene Mädchen zunehmend in den Fokus des wissenschaftlichen Interesses gerückt. In dieser Übersicht werden die aktuellen Befunde zur Prävalenz und zu geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden hinsichtlich Symptomatik (einschließlich Subtypen aggressiven Verhaltens und psychopathischer Eigenschaften (callous-unemotional (cu)-traits)) dargestellt. Anhand von Befunden zum vegetativen und neuroendokrinen Stresssystem sowie neurokognitiven und genetischen Daten sowie Bildgebungsbefunden werden neurobiologische Differenzen und weitere Unterschiede im Hinblick auf den Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren aufgezeigt. Insgesamt zeigt sich eine große Überlappung der klinischen Symptomatik, von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und neurobiologischen Veränderungen bei Jungen und Mädchen mit CD. Größere systematische Untersuchungen zu Mädchen mit CD sind dringend notwendig und könnten zu einem besseren Verständnis dissozialer Entwicklung beitragen. Da Mädchen seltener eine CD-Symptomatik zeigen, könnten solche Studien z. B. helfen, Resilienzfaktoren zu identifizieren, die therapeutische Interventionen möglicher Weise optimieren könnten.

          Female conduct disorders

          The last few years have seen much research on girls with conduct disorder (CD). This article summarizes the gender-specific data regarding prevalence, differences with respect to symptomatology (e.g., subtypes of aggression, callous-unemotional (cu)-traits), and it presents data on the autonomic and neuroendocrine stress system as well as genetic, neurocognitive, and neuroimaging data. Differences in the impact of environmental factors on boys and girls for the development of CD are discussed. Taken together, the data indicate that there is great overlap in symptomatology, personality traits, and neurobiological aberrations in girls and boys with CD. Since fewer girls than boys exhibit CD symptomatology, further investigations on CD in girls might help to identify resilience factors that could improve future therapeutic interventions.

          Related collections

          Most cited references116

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Research review: the importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior.

          The current paper reviews research suggesting that the presence of a callous and unemotional interpersonal style designates an important subgroup of antisocial and aggressive youth. Specifically, callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of guilt, absence of empathy, callous use of others) seem to be relatively stable across childhood and adolescence and they designate a group of youth with a particularly severe, aggressive, and stable pattern of antisocial behavior. Further, antisocial youth with CU traits show a number of distinct emotional, cognitive, and personality characteristics compared to other antisocial youth. These characteristics of youth with CU traits have important implications for causal models of antisocial and aggressive behavior, for methods used to study antisocial youth, and for assessing and treating antisocial and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents.
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention.

            Given the growth of juvenile detainee populations, epidemiologic data on their psychiatric disorders are increasingly important. Yet, there are few empirical studies. Until we have better epidemiologic data, we cannot know how best to use the system's scarce mental health resources. Using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children version 2.3, interviewers assessed a randomly selected, stratified sample of 1829 African American, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic youth (1172 males, 657 females, ages 10-18 years) who were arrested and detained in Cook County, Illinois (which includes Chicago and surrounding suburbs). We present 6-month prevalence estimates by demographic subgroups (sex, race/ethnicity, and age) for the following disorders: affective disorders (major depressive episode, dysthymia, manic episode), anxiety (panic, separation anxiety, overanxious, generalized anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders), psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behavior disorders (oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder), and substance use disorders (alcohol and other drugs). Nearly two thirds of males and nearly three quarters of females met diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders. Excluding conduct disorder (common among detained youth), nearly 60% of males and more than two thirds of females met diagnostic criteria and had diagnosis-specific impairment for one or more psychiatric disorders. Half of males and almost half of females had a substance use disorder, and more than 40% of males and females met criteria for disruptive behavior disorders. Affective disorders were also prevalent, especially among females; more than 20% of females met criteria for a major depressive episode. Rates of many disorders were higher among females, non-Hispanic whites, and older adolescents. These results suggest substantial psychiatric morbidity among juvenile detainees. Youth with psychiatric disorders pose a challenge for the juvenile justice system and, after their release, for the larger mental health system.
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Reduced amygdala response to fearful expressions in children and adolescents with callous-unemotional traits and disruptive behavior disorders.

              Extensive work implicates abnormal amygdala activation in emotional facial expression processing in adults with callous-unemotional traits. However, no research has examined amygdala response to emotional facial expressions in adolescents with disruptive behavior and callous-unemotional traits. Moreover, despite high comorbidity of callous-unemotional traits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no research has attempted to distinguish neural correlates of pediatric callous-unemotional traits and ADHD. Participants were 36 children and adolescents (ages 10-17 years); 12 had callous-unemotional traits and either conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder, 12 had ADHD, and 12 were healthy comparison subjects. Functional MRI was used to assess amygdala activation patterns during processing of fearful facial expressions. Patterns in the callous-unemotional traits group were compared with those in the ADHD and comparison groups. In youths with callous-unemotional traits, amygdala activation was reduced relative to healthy comparison subjects and youths with ADHD while processing fearful expressions, but not neutral or angry expressions. Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated greater correlations between the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in comparison subjects and youths with ADHD relative to those with callous-unemotional traits. Symptom severity in the callous-unemotional traits groups was negatively correlated with connectivity between amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This is the first study to demonstrate reduced amygdala responsiveness in youths with callous-unemotional traits. These findings support the contention that callous and unemotional personality traits are associated with reduced amygdala response to distress-based social cues.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                kij
                Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                1422-4917
                1664-2880
                March 2014
                : 42
                : 2
                : 95-108
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinik der RWTH Aachen
                [ 2 ] Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Klinische Neuropsychologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters an der Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinik der RWTH Aachen
                [ 3 ] Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
                Author notes
                PD Dr. Timo D. Vloet, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland tvloet@ 123456ukaachen.de
                Article
                kij_42_2_95
                10.1024/1422-4917/a000276
                d95fcd16-c24a-4ac9-a28f-3593425d3072
                Copyright @ 2014
                History
                : September 3, 2013
                : Oktober 18, 2013
                Categories
                Übersichtsarbeiten/Overview articles

                Pediatrics,Psychology,Family & Child studies,Development studies,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                cu-traits,girls,conduct disorder,Mädchen,Conduct disorder,neurobiology,Aggression,aggression,Neurobiologie

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                Related Documents Log