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      Cálcio ionizado no soro: estimativa do intervalo de referência e condições de coleta Translated title: Serum ionized calcium: reference interval estimation and blood collection condictions

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: A dosagem de cálcio ionizado, em nosso meio, tem se tornado freqüente em substituição à de cálcio total, com vantagens, por ser a fração fisiologicamente ativa e pelo desenvolvimento de metodologia robusta e com relação custo/benefício adequada. Seu uso implica a necessidade de definição de intervalos de referência. OBJETIVO: Estimar o intervalo de referência para o cálcio ionizado sérico e avaliar interferências do tempo de permanência do torniquete e do resfriamento da amostra. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Para a estimativa do intervalo de referência, foram incluídos os resultados de 11.320 dosagens consecutivas de cálcio ionizado realizadas de janeiro de 2000 a novembro de 2002; para avaliar o efeito da refrigeração foram realizadas 16 coletas em duplicata, sendo que um dos tubos foi colocado em banho de gelo imediatamente após a coleta e o outro foi mantido à temperatura ambiente; para avaliar o efeito do tempo de garroteamento, em seis voluntários foi realizada a coleta em um dos braços imediatamente após a aplicação do torniquete e, no outro braço, após 3 minutos de garroteamento. O sangue foi colhido em tubos sem ar, contendo gel separador, e centrifugado em até 30 minutos após a coleta. Todas as dosagens foram realizadas em até 4 horas após a centrifugação por eletrodo íon-seletivo. RESULTADOS: Considerando-se os 95% centrais dos dados, os limites inferior e superior foram 1,11mmol/l (intervalo de confiança de 90%: 1,1 a 1,11mmol/l) e 1,4mmol/l (intervalo de confiança de 90%: 1,39 a 1,41mmol/l), respectivamente. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas nos resultados das amostras com e sem refrigeração e entre as amostras coletadas com menos de um minuto e com três minutos de garroteamento.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: The ionized serum calcium determination has become frequent replacing the total calcium with advantages: it is the physiologically active fraction, and the availability of robust methodology with favorable cost/benefice ratio. The use of this methodology implies in reference interval estimation. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the reference interval for serum ionized calcium, and to evaluate interferences in tourniquet time application, and interferences in sample refrigeration before analysis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: to estimate the reference interval we included the results of 11,320 consecutive calcium ionized determinations accomplished from January 2000 to November 2002; in order to evaluate the effect of sample refrigeration, 16 samples were collected in duplicate, so that one tube was placed in ice bath and the other was maintained in room temperature. To evaluate the effect of tourniquet application time, we collected blood samples from one arm of 6 normal subjects, immediately after, and from the other arm, after 3 minutes of the tourniquet application. The blood was collected in evacuated tubes with gel separator and centrifuged up to 30 minutes after collection. All determinations were performed up to 4 hours after the centrifugation by ion-selective electrode. RESULTS: regarding to the central 95% data distribution, the inferior and superior limits were, respectively, 1.11 (confidence interval of 90%: 1.1 to 1.11) and 1.4mmol/l (confidence interval of 90%: 1.39 to 1.41). No significant differences were detected between results with and without refrigeration and between samples with less than 1 and after 3 minutes of tourniquet application.

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          Most cited references11

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          Clinical guide to laboratory tests

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            Effect of outliers and nonhealthy individuals on reference interval estimation.

            Improvement in reference interval estimation using a new outlier detection technique, even with a physician-determined healthy sample, is examined. The effect of including physician-determined nonhealthy individuals in the sample is evaluated. Traditional data transformation coupled with robust and exploratory outlier detection methodology were used in conjunction with various reference interval determination techniques. A simulation study was used to examine the effects of outliers on known reference intervals. Physician-defined healthy groups with and without nonhealthy individuals were compared on real data. With 5% outliers in simulated samples, the described outlier detection techniques had narrower reference intervals. Application of the technique to real data provided reference intervals that were, on average, 10% narrower than those obtained when outlier detection was not used. Only 1.6% of the samples were identified as outliers and removed from reference interval determination in both the healthy and combined samples. Even in healthy samples, outliers may exist. Combining traditional and robust statistical techniques provide a good method of identifying outliers in a reference interval setting. Laboratories in general do not have a well-defined healthy group from which to compute reference intervals. The effect of nonhealthy individuals in the computation increases reference interval width by approximately 10%. However, there is a large deviation among analytes.
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              The Measurement of Ionised Calcium in Blood Plasma

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbpml
                Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
                J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4774
                April 2004
                : 40
                : 2
                : 85-89
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Centro de Medicina Diagnóstica
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1676-24442004000200007
                10.1590/S1676-24442004000200007
                d977698d-58c8-4802-857b-faba1c8213e8

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1676-2444&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
                PATHOLOGY

                Pathology,Medicine,Clinical chemistry
                Ionized calcium,Variação pré-analítica,Pre-analytical variation,Reference values,Cálcio ionizado,Intervalo de referência

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