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      Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion Translated title: Estrategias y enfoques de prevención de las enfermedades bucodentales y promoción de la salud Translated title: Stratégies et démarches visant à prévenir les affections et à promouvoir la santé dans le domaine bucco-dentaire

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          Abstract

          Oral health is an important element of general health and well-being. Although largely preventable, many people across the world still suffer unnecessarily from the pain and discomfort associated with oral diseases. In addition, the costs of dental treatment are high, both to the individual and to society. Effective evidence-based preventive approaches are needed to address this major public health problem. The aim of this paper is to outline public health strategies to promote oral health and reduce inequalities. An extensive collection of public health policy documents produced by WHO are reviewed to guide the development of oral health strategies. In addition a range of Cochrane and other systematic reviews assessing the evidence base for oral health interventions are summarized. Public health strategies should tackle the underlying social determinants of oral health through the adoption of a common risk approach. Isolated interventions which merely focus on changing oral health behaviours will not achieve sustainable improvements in oral health. Radical public health action on the conditions which determine unhealthy behaviours across the population is needed rather than relying solely on the high-risk approach. Based upon the Ottawa Charter, a range of complementary strategies can be implemented in partnership with relevant local, national and international agencies. At the core of this public health approach is the need to empower local communities to become actively involved in efforts to promote their oral health.

          Translated abstract

          La salud bucodental es un elemento importante de la salud y el bienestar general. En todo el mundo, muchas personas sufren aún innecesariamente el dolor y el malestar asociados a las enfermedades bucodentales, pese a que éstas son en gran medida prevenibles. Además, el costo de los tratamientos dentales es elevado, tanto para el individuo como para la sociedad. Se necesitan enfoques preventivos eficaces basados en la evidencia para abordar este importante problema de salud pública. El objeto de este artículo es describir someramente algunas estrategias de salud pública destinadas a promover la salud bucodental y reducir las desigualdades. Se analiza una extensa recopilación de documentos sobre políticas de salud pública elaborados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud para orientar la formulación de estrategias de salud bucodental. Además se resumen diversas revisiones Cochrane y otras revisiones sistemáticas que evalúan la base evidencial de las intervenciones de salud bucodental. Las estrategias de salud pública deberían abordar los determinantes sociales básicos de la salud bucodental adoptando un enfoque centrado en los riesgos comunes. Las intervenciones aisladas centradas únicamente en el cambio de los comportamientos en materia de salud bucodental no lograrán mejoras sostenibles en ese campo. Hay que intervenir con medidas radicales de salud pública en las condiciones que determinan los comportamientos poco sanos en la población, en lugar de depender exclusivamente de un enfoque centrado en los factores de alto riesgo. Tomando como base la Carta de Ottawa, es posible aplicar toda una serie de estrategias complementarias en colaboración con los organismos locales, nacionales e internacionales pertinentes. En el núcleo de ese enfoque de salud pública hallamos la necesidad de empoderar a las comunidades locales para que participen activamente en las actividades de fomento de la salud bucodental.

          Translated abstract

          La santé bucco-dentaire est une composante importante de la santé et du bien-être en général. Bien que les affections bucco-dentaires puissent être prévenues dans une large mesure, un grand nombre de personnes de part le monde souffrent encore inutilement de la douleur et de l'inconfort qui accompagnent ces pathologies. En outre, le coût des traitements dentaires est élevé, tant pour l'individu que pour la société. Pour faire face à ce problème de santé publique majeur, des démarches préventives efficaces et fondées sur l'expérience sont nécessaires. Le présent article expose des stratégies de santé publique destinées à promouvoir la santé bucco-dentaire et à réduire les inégalités dans ce domaine. Il passe en revue une longue série de documents de politique sanitaire, élaborés par l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé et pouvant guider la mise au point des précédentes stratégies. En outre, l'article récapitule diverses revues systématiques, Cochrane ou autres, évaluant les bases factuelles des interventions en faveur de la santé dentaire et bucccale. Les stratégies de santé publique doivent s'attaquer aux déterminants sociaux sous-jacents de la santé bucco-dentaire à travers l'adoption d'une démarche commune à l'égard des risques. Pour obtenir des améliorations durables de cette santé, des interventions isolées, axées uniquement sur la modification des comportements, seront inopérantes. Une action radicale sur les conditions déterminant les comportements nuisibles à la santé parmi la population s'impose, plutôt qu'une approche visant uniquement les individus à haut risque. En s'appuyant sur la Charte d'Ottawa, une série de stratégies complémentaires pourra être mise en œuvre, en partenariat avec les organismes locaux, nationaux et internationaux compétents. Cette démarche de santé publique s'appuiera principalement sur une prise de responsabilités des communautés locales, destinée à impliquer celles-ci plus activement dans les efforts de promotion de la santé bucco-dentaire parmi leurs membres.

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          Most cited references92

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          The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century--the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme.

          Chronic diseases and injuries are the leading health problems in all but a few parts of the world. The rapidly changing disease patterns throughout the world are closely linked to changing lifestyles, which include diets rich in sugars, widespread use of tobacco, and increased consumption of alcohol. In addition to socio-environmental determinants, oral disease is highly related to these lifestyle factors, which are risks to most chronic diseases as well as protective factors such as appropriate exposure to fluoride and good oral hygiene. Oral diseases qualify as major public health problems owing to their high prevalence and incidence in all regions of the world, and as for all diseases, the greatest burden of oral diseases is on disadvantaged and socially marginalized populations. The severe impact in terms of pain and suffering, impairment of function and effect on quality of life must also be considered. Traditional treatment of oral diseases is extremely costly in several industrialized countries, and not feasible in most low-income and middle-income countries. The WHO Global Strategy for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, added to the common risk factor approach is a new strategy for managing prevention and control of oral diseases. The WHO Oral Health Programme has also strengthened its work for improved oral health globally through links with other technical programmes within the Department for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. The current oral health situation and development trends at global level are described and WHO strategies and approaches for better oral health in the 21st century are outlined.
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            Measuring oral health: a conceptual framework.

            D Locker (1988)
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              The Common Risk Factor Approach: a rational basis for promoting oral health

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra, Genebra, Switzerland )
                0042-9686
                September 2005
                : 83
                : 9
                : 711-718
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversity College London orgdiv1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health
                Article
                S0042-96862005000900018 S0042-9686(05)08300918
                /S0042-96862005000900018
                2626336
                16211164
                d978f49f-392e-47b8-8ecb-1aaa57cd4652

                History
                : 11 April 2005
                : 17 July 2005
                : 01 July 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Public Health Reviews

                Case reports,Evidence-based medicine,Risk factors,Socioeconomic factors,Social justice,Health policy,Health promotion,Tooth diseases,Étude de cas,Planification stratégique,Médecine factuelle,Facteur socioéconomique,Justice sociale,Politique sanitaire,Hygiène de vie,Dent, Maladies,Hygiène buccale,Casos clínicos,Planificación estratégica,Medicina basada en evidencia,Factores de riesgo,Justicia social,Política de salud,Promoción de la salud,Odontopatías,Salud bucal,Conducta de salud,Promotion santé,Facteur risque,Oral health,Factores socioeconómicos,Strategic planning

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