Pre- and postmortem imaging of transplanted cells

Andrzejewska, Anna; Nowakowski, Adam; Janowski, Miroslaw; Bulte, Jeff WM; Gilad, Assaf A.; Walczak, Piotr; Lukomska, Barbara

doi:10.2147/IJN.S83557

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Pre- and postmortem imaging of transplanted cells

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Author(s): Anna Andrzejewska ¹ , Adam Nowakowski ¹ , Miroslaw Janowski ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Jeff WM Bulte ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ ^, ⁶ ^, ⁷ , Assaf A Gilad ³ ^, ⁴ , Piotr Walczak ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁸ , Barbara Lukomska ¹

Publication date (Electronic): 02 September 2015

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

Keywords: stem cells, transplantation, SPECT, MRI, bioluminescence, cell labeling

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Abstract

Therapeutic interventions based on the transplantation of stem and progenitor cells have garnered increasing interest. This interest is fueled by successful preclinical studies for indications in many diseases, including the cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal system. Further progress in this field is contingent upon access to techniques that facilitate an unambiguous identification and characterization of grafted cells. Such methods are invaluable for optimization of cell delivery, improvement of cell survival, and assessment of the functional integration of grafted cells. Following is a focused overview of the currently available cell detection and tracking methodologies that covers the entire spectrum from pre- to postmortem cell identification.

Most cited references 162

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Looking and listening to light: the evolution of whole-body photonic imaging.

Vasilis Ntziachristos, Jorge Ripoll, Lihong Wang … (2005)

Optical imaging of live animals has grown into an important tool in biomedical research as advances in photonic technology and reporter strategies have led to widespread exploration of biological processes in vivo. Although much attention has been paid to microscopy, macroscopic imaging has allowed small-animal imaging with larger fields of view (from several millimeters to several centimeters depending on implementation). Photographic methods have been the mainstay for fluorescence and bioluminescence macroscopy in whole animals, but emphasis is shifting to photonic methods that use tomographic principles to noninvasively image optical contrast at depths of several millimeters to centimeters with high sensitivity and sub-millimeter to millimeter resolution. Recent theoretical and instrumentation advances allow the use of large data sets and multiple projections and offer practical systems for quantitative, three-dimensional whole-body images. For photonic imaging to fully realize its potential, however, further progress will be needed in refining optical inversion methods and data acquisition techniques.

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Iron oxide MR contrast agents for molecular and cellular imaging.

Jeff Bulte, Dara Kraitchman (2004)

Molecular and cellular MR imaging is a rapidly growing field that aims to visualize targeted macromolecules or cells in living organisms. In order to provide a different signal intensity of the target, gadolinium-based MR contrast agents can be employed although they suffer from an inherent high threshold of detectability. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles can be detected at micromolar concentrations of iron, and offer sufficient sensitivity for T2(*)-weighted imaging. Over the past two decades, biocompatible particles have been linked to specific ligands for molecular imaging. However, due to their relatively large size and clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), widespread biomedical molecular applications have yet to be implemented and few studies have been reproduced between different laboratories. SPIO-based cellular imaging, on the other hand, has now become an established technique to label and detect the cells of interest. Imaging of macrophage activity was the initial and still is the most significant application, in particular for tumor staging of the liver and lymph nodes, with several products either approved or in clinical trials. The ability to now also label non-phagocytic cells in culture using derivatized particles, followed by transplantation or transfusion in living organisms, has led to an active research interest to monitor the cellular biodistribution in vivo including cell migration and trafficking. While most of these studies to date have been mere of the 'proof-of-principle' type, further exploitation of this technique will be aimed at obtaining a deeper insight into the dynamics of in vivo cell biology, including lymphocyte trafficking, and at monitoring therapies that are based on the use of stem cells and progenitors. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A new class of contrast agents for MRI based on proton chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST).

K M Ward, A. Aletras, R Balaban (2000)

It has been previously shown that intrinsic metabolites can be imaged based on their water proton exchange rates using saturation transfer techniques. The goal of this study was to identify an appropriate chemical exchange site that could be developed for use as an exogenous chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST) contrast agent under physiological conditions. These agents would function by reducing the water proton signal through a chemical exchange site on the agent via saturation transfer. The ideal chemical exchange site would have a large chemical shift from water. This permits a high exchange rate without approaching the fast exchange limit at physiological pH (6.5-7.6) and temperature (37 degrees C), as well as minimizing problems associated with magnetic field susceptibility. Numerous candidate chemicals (amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, heterocyclic ring chemicals) were evaluated in this preliminary study. Of these, barbituric acid and 5, 6-dihydrouracil were more fully characterized with regard to pH, temperature, and concentration CEST effects. The best chemical exchange site found was the 5.33-ppm indole ring -NH site of 5-hydroxytryptophan. These data demonstrate that a CEST-based exogenous contrast agent for MRI is feasible.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Nanomedicine

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Nanomedicine

Journal ID (publisher-id): International Journal of Nanomedicine

Title: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

ISSN (Print): 1176-9114

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2013

Publication date Collection: 2015

Publication date (Electronic): 02 September 2015

Volume: 10

Pages: 5543-5559

Affiliations

[1 ]NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

[2 ]Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

[3 ]RusselI H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

[4 ]Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

[5 ]Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

[6 ]Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

[7 ]Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

[8 ]Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

Author notes

Correspondence: Barbara Lukomska, NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 5, Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, Tel +48 22 608 6510, Fax +48 22 668 5532, Email barbara.lukomska@ 123456imdik.pan.pl

Article

Publisher ID: ijn-10-5543

DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S83557

PMC ID: 4562754

PubMed ID: 26366076

SO-VID: d9864767-8d1f-4040-854b-7cf2b58c563c

License:

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

Pre- and postmortem imaging of transplanted cells

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Abstract

Most cited references 162

Looking and listening to light: the evolution of whole-body photonic imaging.

Iron oxide MR contrast agents for molecular and cellular imaging.

A new class of contrast agents for MRI based on proton chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST).

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