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      Decentralized nursing education in Northern Norway: towards a sustainable recruitment and retention model in rural Arctic healthcare services

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Decentralized nursing education (DNE) was established at Tromsø University College in 1990 and has since become a part of the bachelor programme in nursing at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. The objective of the study was to investigate whether and to what degree the first DNE programme established in Norway has contributed to recruitment and retention of registered nurses (RNs) in rural healthcare services.

          Methods

          The quantitative survey took place in 2012. A questionnaire was distributed to 315 former students who had graduated from the DNE programme from 1994 to 2011.

          Results

          The primary finding of this study is that the DNE successfully recruits students from rural areas of Northern Norway. Nearly, 87.5% have their first employment in community healthcare services. They continued to work in the rural areas and 85% still worked as nurses in 2012. The DNE programme has been successful regarding recruitment and retention of RNs to community healthcare services. Fifty-six percent have attended a variety of postgraduate programmes.

          Conclusion

          The DNE programme demonstrates itself as a successful study model regarding recruitment and retention of RNs to rural and remote areas.

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          Systematic review of effective retention incentives for health workers in rural and remote areas: towards evidence-based policy.

          Penny Buykx, John D. Humphreys, John Wakerman … (2010)
          Poor retention of health workers is a significant problem in rural and remote areas, with negative consequences for both health services and patient care. This review aimed to synthesise the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of retention strategies for health workers in rural and remote areas, with a focus on those studies relevant to Australia. A systematic review method was adopted. Six program evaluation articles, eight review articles and one grey literature report were identified that met study inclusion/exclusion criteria. While a wide range of retention strategies have been introduced in various settings to reduce unnecessary staff turnover and increase length of stay, few have been rigorously evaluated. Little evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of any specific strategy is currently available, with the possible exception of health worker obligation. Multiple factors influence length of employment, indicating that a flexible, multifaceted response to improving workforce retention is required. This paper proposes a comprehensive rural and remote health workforce retention framework to address factors known to contribute to avoidable turnover. The six components of the framework relate to staffing, infrastructure, remuneration, workplace organisation, professional environment, and social, family and community support. In order to ensure their effectiveness, retention strategies should be rigorously evaluated using appropriate pre- and post-intervention comparisons.
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            A critical review of interventions to redress the inequitable distribution of healthcare professionals to rural and remote areas.

            Nathan Wilson, Ian D Couper, Elma de Vries … (2015)
            The shortage of healthcare professionals in rural communities is a global problem that poses a serious challenge to equitable healthcare delivery. Both developed and developing countries report geographically skewed distributions of healthcare professionals, favouring urban and wealthy areas, despite the fact that people in rural communities experience more health related problems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most important studies addressing the recruitment and retention of doctors to rural and remote areas. A comprehensive search of the English literature was conducted using the National Library of Medicine's (PubMed) database and the keywords '(rural OR remote) AND (recruitment OR retention)' on 3 July 2008. In total, 1261 references were identified and screened; all primary studies that reported the outcome of an actual intervention and all relevant review articles were selected. Due to the paucity of prospective primary intervention studies, retrospective observational studies and questionnaire-driven surveys were included as well. The search was extended by scrutinizing the references of selected articles to identify additional studies that may have been missed. In total, 110 articles were included. In order to provide a comprehensive overview in a clear and user-friendly fashion, the available evidence was classified into five intervention categories: Selection, Education, Coercion, Incentives and Support - and the strength of the available evidence was rated as convincing, strong, moderate, weak or absent. The main definitions used to define 'rural and/or remote' in the articles reviewed are summarized, before the evidence in support of each of the five intervention categories is reflected in detail. We argue for the formulation of universal definitions to assist study comparison and future collaborative research. Although coercive strategies address short-term recruitment needs, little evidence supports their long-term positive impact. Current evidence only supports the implementation of well-defined selection and education policies, although incentive and support schemes may have value. There remains an urgent need to evaluate the impact of untested interventions in a scientifically rigorous fashion in order to identify winning strategies for guiding future practice and policy.
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              Nursing Home Staff Turnover and Retention: An Analysis of National Level Data

              John Donoghue (2010)
              Article 0 comments Cited 44 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Circumpolar Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Circumpolar Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJCH
                Title: International Journal of Circumpolar Health
                Publisher: Co-Action Publishing
                ISSN (Print): 1239-9736
                ISSN (Electronic): 2242-3982
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 November 2013
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Volume: 72
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.22793
                Affiliations
                Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
                Author notes
                [* ] Bente Norbye, Research Group of Health Education, Department of Health and Care Sciences (IHO), UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway. Email: Bente.Norbye@ 123456uit.no
                Article
                Publisher ID: 22793
                DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.22793
                PMC ID: 3841299
                PubMed ID: 24286063
                SO-VID: d9909ddf-c481-4560-9d08-bee0d43967e1
                Copyright © © 2013 Bente Norbye and Mari Wolff Skaalvik
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 September 2013
                Date revision received : 25 October 2013
                Date accepted : 25 October 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: bachelor in nursing,decentralized nursing education,off-campus education,recruitment,retention,rural areas
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: bachelor in nursing, decentralized nursing education, off-campus education, recruitment, retention, rural areas

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