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      Estudio PAUSATE: prevalencia y adecuación del uso hospitalario de antimicrobianos en España Translated title: PAUSATE Study: prevalence and appropriateness of the use of antimicrobials in Spanish hospitals

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia y el grado de adecuación del uso de antimicrobianos en los hospitales españoles mediante una revisión sistemática transversal realizada por farmacéuticos. Método: Estudio multicéntrico, nacional, transversal sobre el 10% de los pacientes ingresados en los hospitales participantes un día del mes de abril de 2021. La participación de los hospitales fue voluntaria y la selección de la población aleatoria. De la población se disgregó la muestra de estudio, constituida por los pacientes que recibían el día del corte al menos un antimicrobiano perteneciente a los grupos J01, J02, J04, J05AB, J05AD y J05AH del Sistema de Clasificación Anatómica, Terapéutica y Química. Sobre la muestra de estudio, el farmacéutico realizó un registro y evaluación de la adecuación del tratamiento antimicrobiano siguiendo una metódica propuesta y validada por el Grupo de trabajo de Atención Farmacéutica al Paciente con Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria. La metódica de evaluación consideró cada una de las dimensiones que conforman la prescripción del antimicrobiano e incluyó un algoritmo para calificar la prescripción global como adecuada, mejorable, inadecuada y no valorable. Resultados: Participaron 103 hospitales y se revisó el tratamiento de 3.568 pacientes, de los que 1.498 (42,0%) recibieron terapia antimicrobiana, 424 (28,3%) en combinación. La prevalencia de los antimicrobianos más frecuentes fue: amoxicilina-clavulánico 7,2%, ceftriaxona 6,4%, piperacilina-tazobactam 5,8% y meropenem 4,0%. Respecto a la adecuación del tratamiento la prescripción, fue considerada adecuada en el 34% de los casos, mejorable en el 45%, inadecuada en el 19% y no valorable en el 2%. Las dimensiones que más influyeron en la calificación de la prescripción como mejorable fueron el registro en la historia clínica, la elección del agente, la duración del tratamiento y la monitorización de la eficacia y seguridad, y como inadecuada la indicación de antimicrobiano. Conclusiones: La metódica utilizada permite conocer la prevalencia y adecuación del uso de antimicrobianos, paso previo para diseñar y emprender acciones de mejora y medir el impacto de su implantación en el marco de los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence and appropriateness of antimicrobial use in Spanish hospitals through a pharmacist-led systematic cross-sectional review. Method: A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on 10% of the patients admitted to the participating hospitals on one day in April 2021. Hospital participation was voluntary, and the population was randomly selected. The study sample was made up of patients who, on the day of the study, received at least one antimicrobial belonging to groups J01, J02, J04, J05AB, J05AD or J05AH in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. The pharmacist in charge made a record and carried out an evaluation of the appropriateness of antimicrobial use following a method proposed and validated by the Pharmaceutical Care of Patients with Infectious Diseases Working Group of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy. The evaluation method considered each of the items comprising antimicrobial prescriptions. An algorithm was used to assess prescriptions as appropriate, suboptimal, inappropriate and unevaluable. Results: One-hundred three hospitals participated in the study and the treatment of 3,568 patients was reviewed. A total of 1,498 (42.0%) patients received antimicrobial therapy, 424 (28.3%) of them in combination therapy. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (7.2%), ceftriaxone (6.4%), piperacillin-tazobactam (5.8%), and meropenem 4.0%. As regards appropriateness, prescriptions were considered appropriate in 34% of cases, suboptimal in 45%, inappropriate in 19% and unevaluable in 2%. The items that most influenced the assessment of a prescription as suboptimal were completeness of medical record entries, choice of agent, duration of treatment and monitoring of efficacy and safety. The item that most influences the assessment of a prescription as inappropriate was the indication of antimicrobial agent. Conclusions: The method used provided information on the prevalence and appropriateness of the use of antimicrobials, a preliminary step in the design and implementation of actions aimed at measuring the impact of the use of antimicrobials within the antimicrobial stewardship programs.

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          Most cited references28

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          Implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program: Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.

          Evidence-based guidelines for implementation and measurement of antibiotic stewardship interventions in inpatient populations including long-term care were prepared by a multidisciplinary expert panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. The panel included clinicians and investigators representing internal medicine, emergency medicine, microbiology, critical care, surgery, epidemiology, pharmacy, and adult and pediatric infectious diseases specialties. These recommendations address the best approaches for antibiotic stewardship programs to influence the optimal use of antibiotics.
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            Initiation of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy results in a fivefold reduction of survival in human septic shock.

            Our goal was to determine the impact of the initiation of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy on survival to hospital discharge of patients with septic shock. The appropriateness of initial antimicrobial therapy, the clinical infection site, and relevant pathogens were retrospectively determined for 5,715 patients with septic shock in three countries. Therapy with appropriate antimicrobial agents was initiated in 80.1% of cases. Overall, the survival rate was 43.7%. There were marked differences in the distribution of comorbidities, clinical infections, and pathogens in patients who received appropriate and inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy (p < 0.0001 for each). The survival rates after appropriate and inappropriate initial therapy were 52.0% and 10.3%, respectively (odds ratio [OR], 9.45; 95% CI, 7.74 to 11.54; p < 0.0001). Similar differences in survival were seen in all major epidemiologic, clinical, and organism subgroups. The decrease in survival with inappropriate initial therapy ranged from 2.3-fold for pneumococcal infection to 17.6-fold with primary bacteremia. After adjustment for acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, comorbidities, hospital site, and other potential risk factors, the inappropriateness of initial antimicrobial therapy remained most highly associated with risk of death (OR, 8.99; 95% CI, 6.60 to 12.23). Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy for septic shock occurs in about 20% of patients and is associated with a fivefold reduction in survival. Efforts to increase the frequency of the appropriateness of initial antimicrobial therapy must be central to efforts to reduce the mortality of patients with septic shock.
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              Antimicrobial consumption and resistance in adult hospital inpatients in 53 countries: results of an internet-based global point prevalence survey

              The Global Point Prevalence Survey (Global-PPS) established an international network of hospitals to measure antimicrobial prescribing and resistance worldwide. We aimed to assess antimicrobial prescribing and resistance in hospital inpatients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                October 2022
                : 46
                : 5
                : 271-281
                Affiliations
                [3] Barcelona orgnameHospital de la Santa Creu i San Pau orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [8] Málaga orgnameHospitalUniversitario Virgen de la Victoria orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [5] Santa Cruz de Tenerife orgnameHospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [6] Barcelona orgnameHospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa España
                [7] Cádiz orgnameHospital Universitario Puerta del Mar orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [1] orgnameComplexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [2] orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia Spain
                [4] orgnameHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia Spain
                Article
                S1130-63432022000500001 S1130-6343(22)04600500001
                10.7399/fh.13152
                d9bee1f0-8e65-4f95-b703-a4899d0c5ccf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 November 2021
                : 17 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Antiinfecciosos,Quality indicators healthcare,Antimicrobial stewardship,Utilización de medicamentos,Estudios transversales,Cross-sectional studies,Drug utilization,Anti-infective agents,Programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos,Indicadores de calidad de la atención de la salud

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