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      Conductas sexuales de riesgo y prevalencia de infección por VIH en hombres con prácticas homo/bisexuales en la comunidad de Madrid Translated title: High-Risk sexual behavior and HIV prevalence among gay and bisexual men in the community of Madrid

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          Abstract

          Fundamento: Analizar las conductas sexuales de riesgo para la infección por VIH, el uso de medidas de prevención y la prevalencia autoinformada de infección por VIH en varones asociados a una de las principales asociaciones de homosexuales de la Comunidad de Madrid. Metodos: Estudio transversal realizado durante 1997-1998, mediante un cuestionario anónimo remitido por correo. Se analizan las características sociodemográficas, la frecuencia de uso del preservativo en las distintas prácticas sexuales con la pareja estable y con las ocasionales, la prevalencia autoinformada de VIH y otros aspectos relacionados. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 157 cuestionarios de varones homosexuales y bisexuales. Su edad media fue de 32 años y el 85% tenía estudios medios o superiores. En los últimos 3 meses: el 56% tuvo relaciones con más de un hombre; el 70,6% practicó la penetración anal insertiva con pareja estable y el 57,4% con contactos ocasionales, de los que sólo el 32,5% y el 61,1% respectivamente utilizaron siempre el preservativo. La penetración anal receptiva la realizaron el 69,7% con pareja estable y el 39,4% con contactos ocasionales, utilizando siempre el preservativo el 32,5% y el 78,4% respectivamente. El 86,6% tuvieron relaciones oro-genitales y menos del 10% utilizaron siempre el preservativo. 137 hombres conocían su estado serológico y el 15,2% resultó VIH positivo. El 10,2% padeció alguna ETS durante el último año. Conclusiones: Un importante porcentaje de entrevistados mantiene prácticas de riesgo (varias parejas y relaciones sexuales de alto riesgo sin protección) que, asociado a una prevalencia de infección elevada, puede traducirse en una importante tasa de seroconversión.

          Translated abstract

          Background: To analyze high-risk sexual behavior as regards HIV, the use of preventive measures and the patient-reported prevalence of HIV infections among males belonging to one of the leading homosexual associations in the Region of Madrid. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 1997-1998 by way of mailed anonymous questionnaires. An analysis is made of the sociodemographic characteristics, how often condoms are used for different types of sexual intercourse with regular or casual partners, patient-reported prevalence of HIV and other related aspects. Results: 157 questionnaires were returned by gay/bisexual males. These subjects averaged 32 years of age, 85% having a high school or college education. over the past 3 months, 56% had had intercourse with more than one man; 70.6% practiced insertive anal intercourse with a regular partner and 57.4% with casual partners, solely 32.5% and 61.1% of whom always used a condom. 69.7% had receptive anal intercourse with a regular partner and 39.4% with casual partners, 32.5% and 78.4% of whom respectively always used a condom. 86.6% had oral-genital intercourse, less than 10% having always used a condom. 137 were aware of their serological condition, and 15.2% were HIV positive. 10% had had some STD at some point during the previous year. Conclusions: A major percentage of those surveyed were involved in high-risk practices (several partners and unprotected high-risk sexual intercourse) which, in conjunction with the major prevalence of infection, can be said to be the same as a major seroconversion rate.

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          Methodological problems in AIDS behavioral research: influences on measurement error and participation bias in studies of sexual behavior.

          An unprecedented number of human sexuality studies have been initiated in response to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Unfortunately, methodological developments in the field of sex research have been slow in meeting the demands of AIDS investigations focusing on the diverse populations at risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (e.g., adolescents, gay men, intravenous-drug users, ethnic minorities, elderly transfusees). In this article, we review and integrate current literature on measurement error and participation bias in sex research, with an emphasis on collecting sexual information in the context of AIDS. The relevance of these findings for AIDS-related sex research is discussed, and recommendations are made to guide future investigations.
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            Oral transmission of HIV.

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              Sexual risk behavior and risk factors for HIV-1 seroconversion in homosexual men participating in the Tricontinental Seroconverter Study, 1982-1994.

              Trends in sexual behavior associated with incident infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 are described and a case-control study was conducted to examine risk factors for HIV seroconversion in homosexual men who became infected with HIV between 1982 and 1994 from four geographic sites: Amsterdam, the Netherlands; San Francisco, California; Vancouver, Canada; and Sydney, Australia. Changes in sexual behaviors were evaluated from cohort visits in the preseroconversion, seroconversion, and postseroconversion intervals and were further examined over three time periods: 1982-1984, 1985-1987, and 1988-1994. In a case-control study, sexual behaviors, substance use, and presence of sexually transmitted disease were compared between 345 HIV-positive cases and 345 seronegative controls matched by visit date and site. Receptive anal intercourse was the sexual behavior most highly associated with seroconversion. The odds ratio (OR) per receptive anal intercourse partner increase was 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.09). To more carefully examine risk associated with receptive oral intercourse, analyses were done in a subgroup of men who reported no or one receptive anal intercourse partner. The risk (OR) associated with receptive oral intercourse partner increase was 1.05 (95% CI 1.0-1.11). In multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses, presence of sexually transmitted disease (OR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.95-5.91) and amphetamine use (OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.26-5.15) were independently associated with seroconversion. Although the prevalence of major risk factors has decreased over time, the associations of these behaviors and HIV infection persist, suggesting that these risk behaviors remain important avenues for public health interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                February 2000
                : 74
                : 1
                Article
                S1135-57272000000100004 S1135-5727(00)07400104
                10.1590/s1135-57272000000100004
                d9caf18a-6544-49b0-bcab-5fcb3dc9134c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

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                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
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                HIV,Gay men,Sexual behavior,HIV Prevalence,VIH,Homosexuales,Conductas sexuales,Prevalencia

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