Decreased Appetite after High-Intensity Exercise Correlates with Increased Plasma Interleukin-6 in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Boys

Abstract

Background: High-intensity exercise (HIEX) suppresses appetite in adults and is thought to be mediated by appetite-regulating hormones. However, the effects of HIEX-induced inflammatory and stress biomarkers on appetite control and body weight have not been reported in children or adults.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the effects of acute HIEX at 70% peak oxygen consumption (VO _2peak) on postexercise appetite and selective biomarkers of inflammation, stress, and appetite regulatory hormones in normal-weight (NW) and in overweight/obese boys.

Methods: NW ( n = 11) and overweight/obese ( n = 11) boys aged 10–18 y were randomly assigned in a crossover design to either rest or HIEX. Visual analog scale appetite ratings and plasma biomarkers of appetite, inflammation, stress, and glucose control were measured after HIEX or rest.

Results: Appetite increased from baseline to 110 min ( P < 0.001), but was lower after HIEX ( P = 0.04), with no difference between body weight groups. HIEX also resulted in lower active ghrelin ( P < 0.001) and increased interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α ( P < 0.001), and cortisol ( P < 0.001) concentrations, independent of body weight. It increased blood glucose ( P = 0.002) and insulin ( P = 0.028) concentrations in NW but not overweight and obese boys. Leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, C-reactive protein, and cortisol were not affected by HIEX. An inverse correlation was found between IL-6 and appetite ( r = −0.379; P = 0.012), but not any other biomarkers.

Conclusions: HIEX resulted in reduced appetite that correlated with an increase in IL-6 in both NW and overweight/obese boys. However, although a role for IL-6 in the response can be suggested, the suppression of appetite was potentially mediated by the decrease in active ghrelin and/or increase in cortisol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02619461.