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      Interest groups in US local politics: Introduction to the special issue

      research-article
      Interest Groups & Advocacy
      Palgrave Macmillan UK
      Interest group, Local politics, Local government, Partisanship, Ideology, Union

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          Abstract

          Interest group scholarship has so far focused mainly on national politics and has had very little to say about interest groups in American cities, counties, school districts, and special districts. This special issue is a step toward remedying that: it is a collection of articles and essays that examine some of the interest groups that are commonly active in US local politics. The contributions herein discuss real estate developers, tenant organizations, teachers' unions, police unions, and local PACs—covering topics such as how they are organized, how they engage in local politics, some of the constraints on their influence, and the nuanced ways in which ideology and identities can sometimes shape what coalitions are possible in the local context. By bringing this work together in one place, in a journal devoted to research on interest groups, the hope is that this special issue will help to cement “interest groups in local politics” as the recognizable research focus it deserves to be.

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          Most cited references34

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          The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States

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            Expressive Partisanship: Campaign Involvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity

            Party identification is central to the study of American political behavior, yet there remains disagreement over whether it is largely instrumental or expressive in nature. We draw on social identity theory to develop the expressive model and conduct four studies to compare it to an instrumental explanation of campaign involvement. We find strong support for the expressive model: a multi-item partisan identity scale better accounts for campaign activity than a strong stance on subjectively important policy issues, the strength of ideological self-placement, or a measure of ideological identity. A series of experiments underscore the power of partisan identity to generate action-oriented emotions that drive campaign activity. Strongly identified partisans feel angrier than weaker partisans when threatened with electoral loss and more positive when reassured of victory. In contrast, those who hold a strong and ideologically consistent position on issues are no more aroused emotionally than others by party threats or reassurances. In addition, threat and reassurance to the party's status arouse greater anger and enthusiasm among partisans than does a threatened loss or victory on central policy issues. Our findings underscore the power of an expressive partisan identity to drive campaign involvement and generate strong emotional reactions to ongoing campaign events.
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              Police Are Our Government: Politics, Political Science, and the Policing of Race–Class Subjugated Communities

              Against the backdrop of Ferguson and the Black Lives Matter movement, we ask what the American politics subfield has to say about the political lives of communities subjugated by race and class. We argue that mainstream research in this subfield—framed by images of representative democracy and Marshallian citizenship—has provided a rich portrait of what such communities lack in political life. Indeed, by focusing so effectively on their political marginalization, political scientists have ironically made such communities marginal to the subfield's account of American democracy and citizenship. In this article, we provide a corrective by focusing on what is present in the political lives of such communities. To redress the current imbalance and advance the understandings of race and class in American politics, we argue that studies of the liberal-democratic “first face” of the state must be complemented by greater attention to the state's more controlling “second face.” Focusing on policing, we seek to unsettle the mainstream of a subfield that rarely inquires into governmental practices of social control and the ways “race-class subjugated communities” are governed through coercion, containment, repression, surveillance, regulation, predation, discipline, and violence.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                sanzia@berkeley.edu
                Journal
                Int Groups Adv
                Interest Groups & Advocacy
                Palgrave Macmillan UK (London )
                2047-7414
                2047-7422
                12 March 2022
                : 1-10
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.47840.3f, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 7878, Goldman School of Public Policy, , University of California, Berkeley, ; 2607 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-4449
                Article
                162
                10.1057/s41309-022-00162-3
                8917811
                da34305b-be88-4f26-8e83-eb0c4e0a73fb
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2022

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 18 February 2022
                Categories
                Original Article

                interest group,local politics,local government,partisanship,ideology,union

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