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      Thoughts, Words, Action: The Alma-Ata Declaration to Diabetes Care Transformation

      editorial

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          Abstract

          The International Conference on Primary Health Care, held at Alma-Ata, present-day Kazakhstan, in September 1978, was a landmark in global health care. The Declaration of Alma-Ata that was adopted at that conference successfully refocused attention and energy on primary health care. In a similar manner, the United Nations resolution of 2006 highlighted the dangers of the diabetes pandemic. The underlying philosophy of the Declaration of Alma-Ata is assessed in this editorial, to determine whether it remains relevant for modern and future diabetes care. We highlight the concordance between the Declaration of Alma-Ata and the principles of present-day diabetes care, and come to the conclusion that the 1978 document is relevant for the management of the diabetes pandemic.

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          Most cited references9

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          IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040.

          To produce current estimates of the national, regional and global impact of diabetes for 2015 and 2040.
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            Patient education as the basis for diabetes care in clinical practice and research.

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              Is Open Access

              Continual evolution of type 2 diabetes: an update on pathophysiology and emerging treatment options

              Diabetes is a complex and progressive disease that has a major societal and economic impact. The most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a multifactorial disease, the pathophysiology of which involves not only the pancreas but also the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, brain, and kidney. Novel therapies with mechanisms of action that are different from most existing drugs are emerging. One such class consists of compounds that inhibit renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, which is responsible for the bulk of glucose reabsorption by the kidneys. This new class of compounds improves glycemic control independently of insulin and promotes weight reduction, providing an additional tool to treat patients with T2DM. This review discusses the underlying pathophysiology of T2DM, clinical guidelines, and available and emerging treatment options, with particular emphasis on sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                brideknl@gmail.com
                Journal
                Diabetes Ther
                Diabetes Ther
                Diabetes Therapy
                Springer Healthcare (Cheshire )
                1869-6953
                1869-6961
                9 May 2018
                9 May 2018
                June 2018
                : 9
                : 3
                : 873-876
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1803 0590, GRID grid.470178.d, Department of Endocrinology, , Bharti Hospital, ; Karnal, India
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0387 8740, GRID grid.443453.1, Head of Center of Diabetes, Head of Clinic of Internal Diseases, , Asfendyarov Kazakh National Medical University, ; Almaty, Kazakhstan
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0387 8740, GRID grid.443453.1, Clinic of Internal Diseases, , Asfendyarov Kazakh National Medical University, ; Almaty, Kazakhstan
                Article
                440
                10.1007/s13300-018-0440-2
                5984943
                29744821
                da523f13-f1c0-4f4d-8349-3f416d992bbe
                © The Author(s) 2018
                History
                : 3 April 2018
                Categories
                Editorial
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Healthcare Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2018

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                diabetes care delivery,health economics,health policy,primary care,psychosocial management,type 1 diabetes,type 2 diabetes

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