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      Evaluation of coloring therapy as an anxiety reduction strategy in the older adults in the community area

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          Abstract

          The phenomenon of an increasing older adult population requires attention to various health problems, especially mental health issues such as anxiety, which is often overlooked. Anxiety in older adults can significantly impact their quality of life. One promising approach to managing anxiety is art therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing anxiety in older adults within the community. This research used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post-test model. The sample consisted of 35 participants aged 60 years and older who met the inclusion criteria, namely the ability to use their upper extremities for activities and no physical or mental disorders that would prevent participation in art therapy. Participants were selected through accidental sampling. Participants’ anxiety was measured using the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), which consists of 25 items, before and after four weeks of intervention. The art therapy intervention was conducted in two sessions per week for four weeks, totaling eight sessions. Each session involved expressive arts activities designed to help participants express themselves and alleviate anxiety. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that 25.7% of participants experienced mild anxiety, 65.7% moderate anxiety, and 8.6% severe anxiety before the intervention. After therapy, analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant reduction in anxiety (p=0.000). This research demonstrates that art therapy is effective in reducing anxiety in older adults. Therefore, art therapy can be integrated as a nonpharmacological intervention that is beneficial in improving the quality of life of older adults and can be applied by health professionals and community workers.

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          Most cited references15

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          Adverse childhood experience patterns, major depressive disorder, and substance use disorder in older adults

          This article investigates distinct patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a representative sample of US older adults, and how the ACEs patterns relate to major depression and substance use disorder (SUD).
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            Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among community-dwelling older adults in Hunan, China: a cross-sectional study

            Background Older adults’ psychological health is a public health issue that cannot be ignored, especially when these psychological health problems and related factors change across different social backgrounds because of rapid changes in traditions and family structures and the epidemic responses after the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2021 with 1173 participants aged 65 years or above from three communities in Hunan Province, China who were selected using convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9) was used to collect relevant demographic and clinical data and to measure social support status, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Bivariate analyses were conducted to explore the difference in anxiety and depression based on samples’ different characteristics. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test for significant predictors of anxiety and depression. Results The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 32.74% and 37.34%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that being female, being unemployed before retirement age, lacking physical activity, having physical pain, and having three or more comorbidities were significant predictors for anxiety. Subjective social support and support utilization were significant protective factors. Regarding depression, religion, lacking physical activity, having physical pain, having three or more comorbidities were found to be significant predictors. Support utilization was a significant protective factor. Conclusions The study group showed a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. Gender, employment status, physical activity, physical pain, comorbidities, and social support were associated with psychological health problems of older adults. These findings suggest that governments should focus on the psychological health problems of older adults by raising community awareness of issues related to older adults’ psychological health. They should also screen for anxiety and depression among high-risk groups and encourage individuals to seek supportive counseling.
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              Art activities and qigong exercise for the well-being of older adults in nursing homes in Indonesia: a randomized controlled trial.

              Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of an integrated intervention of art activities and Qigong exercise on the well-being of older adults in nursing homes in Indonesia.Method: We employed a randomized controlled trial with 4 specific groups, i.e. art, Qigong, integration of art and Qigong, and control group. A total of 267 participants aged 50 years or older were recruited from 9 nursing homes in Jakarta, Indonesia. The participants were randomly allocated to one of the four groups, attending two intervention sessions per week for eight weeks (16 sessions), lasting 90 minutes each. Measurements were administered at baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T1). The primary outcome was well-being (WHOQOL-Bref) and secondary outcomes were satisfaction with life (SWLS), depression (BDI-II), and health status (SF-36).Results: The art intervention had a significant positive effect on well-being, in particular in the domain of social relations. It also led to a decrease in depressive symptoms, as did the integration intervention. No significant effects were visible in the Qigong group nor in the integrated intervention compared to either art or Qigong alone.Conclusion: Interventions such as art programs and an integration of art and Qigong may give psychological benefits to older adults. Yet, results of the study need to be interpreted with caution and need to be replicated. A qualitative approach would be welcome to get an in-depth understanding of why art intervention is especially beneficial. (Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02957773, registered 28 September 2016).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BIO Web of Conferences
                BIO Web Conf.
                EDP Sciences
                2117-4458
                2025
                January 20 2025
                2025
                : 152
                : 01032
                Article
                10.1051/bioconf/202515201032
                da5991e1-bcb6-44cf-a8b1-df36411f6d71
                © 2025

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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