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      A basic review on the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques

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          Abstract

          The inferior alveolar nerve block is the most common injection technique used in dentistry and many modifications of the conventional nerve block have been recently described in the literature. Selecting the best technique by the dentist or surgeon depends on many factors including the success rate and complications related to the selected technique. Dentists should be aware of the available current modifications of the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques in order to effectively choose between these modifications. Some operators may encounter difficulty in identifying the anatomical landmarks which are useful in applying the inferior alveolar nerve block and rely instead on assumptions as to where the needle should be positioned. Such assumptions can lead to failure and the failure rate of inferior alveolar nerve block has been reported to be 20-25% which is considered very high. In this basic review, the anatomical details of the inferior alveolar nerve will be given together with a description of its both conventional and modified blocking techniques; in addition, an overview of the complications which may result from the application of this important technique will be mentioned.

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          Handbook of local anaesthesia

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            Applied anatomy of the pterygomandibular space: improving the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks.

            A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the pterygomandibular space is essential for the successful administration of the inferior alveolar nerve block. In addition to the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves, other structures in this space are of particular significance for local anaesthesia, including the inferior alveolar vessels, the sphenomandibular ligament and the interpterygoid fascia. These structures can all potentially have an impact on the effectiveness of local anaesthesia in this area. Greater understanding of the nature and extent of variation in intraoral landmarks and underlying structures should lead to improved success rates, and provide safer and more effective anaesthesia. The direct technique for the inferior alveolar nerve block is used frequently by most clinicians in Australia and this review evaluates its anatomical rationale and provides possible explanations for anaesthetic failures. © 2011 Australian Dental Association.
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              Significance of localization of mandibular foramen in an inferior alveolar nerve block

              Background: The mandibular foramen (MF) is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for divisions of the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. The aim of this study is to determine the position of the MF from various anatomical landmarks in several dry adult mandibles. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 human dry mandibles were examined, of which 93 were of dentulous and 9 were of edentulous. The measurements were taken from the anterior border of the ramus (coronoid notch) to the midportion of the MF and then from the midportion of the MF to the other landmarks such as internal oblique ridge, inferior border, sigmoid notch, and condyle were measured and recorded. Results: The data were compared using Student's t-test. The MF is positioned at a mean distance of 19 mm (with SD 2.34) from coronoid notch of the anterior border of the ramus. Superio-inferiorly from the condyle to the inferior border MF is situated 5 mm inferior to the midpoint of condyle to the inferior border distance (ramus height). Conclusion: We conclude that failures in the anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve are due to the operator error and not due to the anatomical variation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Anesth Essays Res
                Anesth Essays Res
                AER
                Anesthesia, Essays and Researches
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0259-1162
                2229-7685
                Jan-Apr 2014
                : 8
                : 1
                : 3-8
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Dr. Hesham Khalil, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: hkhalil@ 123456ksu.edu.sa
                Article
                AER-8-3
                10.4103/0259-1162.128891
                4173572
                25886095
                daa52d1e-acbd-4385-97da-e3a4c7d93460
                Copyright: © Anesthesia: Essays and Researches

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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                Categories
                Review Article

                complications,inferior alveolar nerve block,techniques

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