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      The Role of the Macrophage in the Development of Aortic Dissection

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      Cardiology
      S. Karger AG

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          Chemokines and disease.

          We examine here several diseases that are associated with inappropriate activation of the chemokine network. Detailed comment has been restricted to pathological states for which there are compelling data either from clinical observations or animal models. These include cardiovascular disease, allergic inflammatory disease, transplantation, neuroinflammation, cancer and HIV-associated disease. Discussion focuses on therapeutic directions in which the rapidly evolving chemokine field appears to be headed.
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            Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression Increases After Cerebral Focal Ischemia in Rats : Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Reduces Infarct Size   Editorial Comment: Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Reduces Infarct Size

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              Local overexpression of TIMP-1 prevents aortic aneurysm degeneration and rupture in a rat model.

              Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in abundance in arterial aneurysms, their contribution to arterial wall degeneration, dilation, and rupture has not been determined. We investigated MMP function in a rat model of aneurysm associated with arterial dilation, elastin loss, medial invasion by mononuclear inflammatory cells, and MMP upregulation. Rupture was correlated with increased gelatinase B (MMP-9) and activated gelatinase A (MMP-2). Syngeneic rat smooth muscle cells retrovirally transfected with tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 cDNA (LTSN) or with the vector alone as a control (LXSN) were seeded onto the luminal surface of the vessels. The seeding of LTSN cells resulted in TIMP-1 local overexpression. The seeding with LTSN cells, but not LXSN cells, decreased MMP-9, activated MMP-2 and 28-kD caseinase and elastase activity, preserved elastin in the media, and prevented aneurysmal degeneration and rupture. We conclude that MMP overexpression is responsible for aneurysmal degeneration and rupture in this rat model and that local pharmacological blockade might be a reasonable strategy for controlling the formation of aneurysms in humans.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                CRD
                Cardiology
                10.1159/issn.0008-6312
                Cardiology
                S. Karger AG
                0008-6312
                1421-9751
                2014
                January 2014
                03 December 2013
                : 127
                : 2
                : 121-122
                Affiliations
                Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
                Author notes
                *Malek G. Massad, MD, FACS, FCCP, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, CSB Suite 417 (MC 958), Chicago, IL 60612 (USA), E-Mail mmassad@uic.edu
                Article
                356872 Cardiology 2014;127:121-122
                10.1159/000356872
                24334916
                daad03de-c4e2-4169-b5ea-0432dcce9a07
                © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 21 October 2013
                : 21 October 2013
                Page count
                Pages: 2
                Categories
                Editorial Comment

                General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
                General medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Internal medicine, Nephrology

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