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      Nematode capilaridae in the tongue of Cerdocyon thous of free life in Brazil Translated title: Nematoide capilaridae na língua de Cerdocyon thous de vida livre no Brasil

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          Abstract

          Abstract Studies of helminths in road-killed wild animals are still uncommon but may provide promising results since they can identify the parasites in juvenile and adult hosts and meet the recommendations of current discussions on bioethics that prioritize alternative methods for the use of animals. This study evaluated three Cerdocyon thous individuals that were donated after dying from being run over. Two of them had small nematode adults in the epithelial and connective tissues of the tongue. The diagnosis was based on the presence of eggs, observed in histological sections, and morphological characteristics of the nematodes in the tongue. Morphologically, this nematode has a body with transverse grooves, simple mouth opening and no lips, esophagus and stichosome with stichocytes and bacillary bands along the body, which is characteristic morphology of the family Capilariidae and genus Capillaria . The presence of this nematode in the tongue of C. thous is an extremely important fact that contributes to what is known about the biodiversity of zoonotic parasites in wild canid populations. However, an explanation for these findings remains unclear because, until now, this has not been observed in the biological cycle of the species.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O estudo de helmintos de animais selvagens vitimados por atropelamento, ainda é uma prática pouco comum, porém pode ser promissor, uma vez que permite a identificação de helmintos a partir de hospedeiros juvenis e adultos, e atendem às atuais discussões em bioética, as quais priorizam métodos alternativos para o uso de animais. Foram avaliados 3 exemplares de Cerdocyon thous provenientes de doação pós-óbito por atropelamento. Dois deles apresentaram pequenos nematoides adultos inseridos nos tecidos epitelial e conjuntivo da língua. O diagnóstico foi baseado na análise de cortes histológicos que evidenciaram a presença de ovos no interior do nematoide e nas características morfológicas gerais do mesmo. Morfologicamente estes nematoides apresentavam corpo com estrias transversais, abertura bucal simples e lábios ausentes, esôfago trichuroiude com a presença de esticócitos e bandas bacilares ao longo do corpo, característica morfologicamente sugestiva da família Capillariidae e do gênero Capillaria . A presença de nematoides inseridos na língua de C. thous é um fato de extrema importância para o conhecimento da biodiversidade de parasitos zoonóticos circulantes presentes em populações selvagens de canídeos. Porém, permanece obscura a explicação para tais achados, uma vez que tal evento não foi observado no ciclo biológico das espécies até o momento.

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          Most cited references51

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          Nematóides do Brasil. Parte V: nematóides de mamíferos

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            Environmental parasitology: What can parasites tell us about human impacts on the environment?

            There are a variety of ways that environmental changes affect parasites, suggesting that information on parasites can indicate anthropogenic impacts. Parasitism may increase if the impact reduces host resistance or increases the density of intermediate or definitive hosts. Parasitism may decrease if definitive or intermediate host density declines or parasites suffer higher mortality directly (eg. from toxic effects on parasites) or indirectly (infected hosts suffer differentially high mortality). Although these scenarios are opposing, they can provide a rich set of predictions once we understand the true associations between each parasite and impact. In this review, Kevin Lafferty discusses how parasite ecologists have used and can use parasites to assess environmental quality.
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              Wild canids, domestic dogs and their pathogens in Southeast Brazil: disease threats for canid conservation

              Wild canids are under many pressures, including habitat loss, fragmentation and disease. The current lack of information on the status of wildlife health may hamper conservation efforts in Brazil. In this paper, we examined the prevalence of canine pathogens in 21 free-ranging wild canids, comprising 12 Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 7 Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 2 Lycalopex vetulus (hoary fox), and 70 non-vaccinated domestic dogs from the Serra do Cipó National Park area, Southeast Brazil. For wild canids, seroprevalence of antibodies to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus and Toxoplasma gondii was 100 (21/21), 33 (7/21), 5 (1/19) and 68 (13/19) percent, respectively. Antibodies against canine distemper virus, Neospora caninum or Babesia spp. were not found. We tested domestic dogs for antibodies to canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and Babesia spp., and seroprevalences were 59 (41/70), 66 (46/70), and 42 (40/70) percent, respectively, with significantly higher prevalence in domestic dogs for CDV (P < 0.001) and Babesia spp. (P = 0.002), and in wild canids for CPV (P < 0.001). We report for the first time evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus in wild hoary foxes, and Platynossomun sp. infection in wild maned wolves. Maned wolves are more exposed to helminths than crab-eating foxes, with a higher prevalence of Trichuridae and Ancylostomidae in the area. The most common ectoparasites were Amblyomma cajennense, A. tigrinum, and Pulex irritans. Such data is useful information on infectious diseases of Brazilian wild canids, revealing pathogens as a threat to wild canids in the area. Control measures are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbpv
                Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
                Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária (Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil )
                0103-846X
                1984-2961
                November 2018
                : 0
                : 0
                Affiliations
                [02] Belém Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural da Amazônia orgdiv1Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal orgdiv2Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal Brazil
                [01] Belém Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural da Amazônia orgdiv1Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal orgdiv2Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal Brazil
                Article
                12112 S1984-29612018005012112
                10.1590/s1984-296120180078
                daf37f28-c6ce-48f9-8bce-06c11482433d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 July 2018
                : 05 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 70, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Nematoda,Capillaria,mamífero,Amazônia,mammal,Amazon
                Nematoda, Capillaria, mamífero, Amazônia, mammal, Amazon

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