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      Pulmonary aerosol delivery and the importance of growth dynamics

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          Abstract

          Aerosols are dynamic systems, responding to variations in the surrounding environmental conditions by changing in size, composition and phase. Although, widely used in inhalation therapies, details of the processes occurring on aerosol generation and during inhalation have received little attention. Instead, research has focused on improvements to the formulation of the drug prior to aerosolization and the resulting clinical efficacy of the treatment. Here, we highlight the processes that occur during aerosol generation and inhalation, affecting aerosol disposition when deposited and, potentially, impacting total and regional doses. In particular, we examine the response of aerosol particles to the humid environment of the respiratory tract, considering both the capacity of particles to grow by absorbing moisture and the timescale for condensation to occur.

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          Particle formation in spray drying

          Reinhard Vehring, Willard R. Foss, David Lechuga-Ballesteros (2007)
          Article 0 comments Cited 90 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Pulmonary drug delivery. Part II: the role of inhalant delivery devices and drug formulations in therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications.

            N R Labiris, M Dolovich (2003)
            Research in the area of pulmonary drug delivery has gathered momentum in the last several years, with increased interest in using the lung as a means of delivering drugs systemically. Advances in device technology have led to the development of more efficient delivery systems capable of delivering larger doses and finer particles into the lung. As more efficient pulmonary delivery devices and sophisticated formulations become available, physicians and health professionals will have a choice of a wide variety of device and formulation combinations that will target specific cells or regions of the lung, avoid the lung's clearance mechanisms and be retained within the lung for longer periods. It is now recognized that it is not enough just to have inhalation therapy available for prescribing; physicians and other healthcare providers need a basic understanding of aerosol science, inhaled formulations, delivery devices, and bioequivalence of products to prescribe these therapies optimally.
            Article 0 comments Cited 80 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Exploring the complexity of aerosol particle properties and processes using single particle techniques.

              Ulrich K Krieger, Claudia Marcolli, Jonathan P. Reid (2012)
              The complex interplay of processes that govern the size, composition, phase and morphology of aerosol particles in the atmosphere is challenging to understand and model. Measurements on single aerosol particles (2 to 100 μm in diameter) held in electrodynamic, optical and acoustic traps or deposited on a surface can allow the individual processes to be studied in isolation under controlled laboratory conditions. In particular, measurements can now be made of particle size with unprecedented accuracy (sub-nanometre) and over a wide range of timescales (spanning from milliseconds to many days). The physical state of a particle can be unambiguously identified and its composition and phase can be resolved with a high degree of spatial resolution. In this review, we describe the advances made in our understanding of aerosol properties and processes from measurements made of phase behaviour, hygroscopic growth, morphology, vapour pressure and the kinetics of water transport for single particles. We also show that studies of the oxidative aging of single particles, although limited in number, can allow the interplay of these properties to be investigated. We conclude by considering the contributions that single particle measurements can continue to make to our understanding of the properties and processes occurring in atmospheric aerosol.
              Article 0 comments Cited 73 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ther Deliv
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ther Deliv
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TDE
                Title: Therapeutic Delivery
                Publisher: Future Science Ltd (London, UK )
                ISSN (Print): 2041-5990
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-6008
                Publication date (Print): December 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 November 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 November 2017
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 1051-1061
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
                [2 ]Chippenham Research Centre, Chiesi Limited, Chippenham, Wiltshire, SN14 0AB, UK
                [3 ]Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
                [4 ]University of Hertfordshire, Research Centre in Topical Drug Delivery & Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Postgraduate Medicine, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
                Author notes
                *Author for correspondence: j.p.reid@ 123456bristol.ac.uk
                Article
                DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0093
                PMC ID: 6646866
                PubMed ID: 29125064
                SO-VID: daffbceb-8003-4c0a-a619-ac89d56c58a7
                Copyright © © 2017 Jonathan P. Reid
                License:

                This work is licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Unported License

                History
                Date received : 16 August 2017
                Date accepted : 03 October 2017
                Date: 10 November 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Special Report

                Keywords: aerosol microphysics,condensation,drug delivery to the lungs,inhalation,moisture
                Data availability:
                Keywords: aerosol microphysics, condensation, drug delivery to the lungs, inhalation, moisture

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