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      The early-phase transcriptome and the clinical efficacy analysis in three modes of subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis

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          Abstract

          Background

          Allergen immunotherapy is the only etiological treatment for allergic rhinitis.

          Objective

          To analyze the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).

          Methods

          The efficacy, safety, and serum immunological changes of 3 modes of subcutaneous immunotherapy were compared. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptome changes were obtained on the Illumina sequencing platforms. We confirmed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DEGs were analyzed by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The correlation between the common DEGs and clinical indicators was analyzed by Origin 2022.

          Results

          The 3 SCITs were all effective after 1 year. The Combined Symptom and Medication Score (CSMS) and Visual Analog Score (VAS) in rush immunotherapy (RIT) are lowest after 24 and 48 weeks of treatment among the 3 groups. After treatment, the levels of sIgE, sIgE/tIgE, Th2 cytokines, Th17 cytokines, and percentage of peripheral eosinophils (EOS%) decreased significantly (P＜0.05), while the levels of Th1 type cytokines did not change significantly. Transcriptome analysis identified 24, 24, and 91 DEGs at W3 and 42, 52, 175 DEGs at W7 in conventional immunotherapy (CIT), cluster immunotherapy (CLIT), and RIT groups, respectively. The pathways and functions involved in SCIT include secretion of Th1/2 cytokines, immune cell differentiation. Unlike CIT and CLIT, DEGs are also involved in T cell tolerance induction, T cell anergy, and lymphocyte anergy in RIT. CXCR1, CXCR2, and IER3 had a specific effect on reflecting the improvement of symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients with SCIT.

          Conclusion

          The clinical efficacy of RIT appeared earlier than CIT and CLIT. Clinicians can use the highly conserved gene expression profile to evaluate responses to immunotherapy.

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          Most cited references41

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          Allergen immunotherapy: a practice parameter third update.

          Linda Cox, Harold Nelson, Richard Lockey … (2011)
          Article 0 comments Cited 238 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: an EAACI Position Paper

            C Schmidt-Weber, M. H. Shamji, J. H. Kappen … (2017)
            Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) with or without asthma. It is important to note that due to the complex interaction between patient, allergy triggers, symptomatology and vaccines used for AIT, some patients do not respond optimally to the treatment. Furthermore, there are no validated or generally accepted candidate biomarkers that are predictive of the clinical response to AIT. Clinical management of patients receiving AIT and efficacy in randomised controlled trials for drug development could be enhanced by predictive biomarkers.
            Article 0 comments Cited 141 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              An increased prevalence of self‐reported allergic rhinitis in major Chinese cities from 2005 to 2011

              X. D. Wang, M Zheng, H. F. Lou … (2016)
              Abstract Background The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has increased worldwide in recent decades. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of self‐reported AR and profiles of AR‐related comorbidities in the adult population of China over time. Methods This study surveyed residents of 18 major cities in mainland China. Telephone interviews were conducted with study participants after sampling target telephone numbers by random digit dialing. The questions asked during telephone interviews were based on those included in validated questionnaires and focused on topics regarding AR, nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), acute/chronic rhinosinusitis (ARS/CRS), asthma, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Results During 2011, a total of 47 216 telephone interviews were conducted, and the overall response rate was 77.5%. When compared with the AR prevalence in 11 cities surveyed in 2005, there was a significant increase in self‐reported adult AR in eight of those cities (P < 0.01). In 2011, the standardized prevalence of self‐reported adult AR in the 18 cities was 17.6%. The concentration of SO 2 was positively correlated with the prevalence of AR (r = 0.504, P = 0.033). A multiple regression model showed that the absolute change in household yearly income was significantly associated with the change in the prevalence of AR (R 2 = 0.68), after adjusting for PM 10, SO 2, NO 2, temperature, and humidity. The overall prevalences of NAR, ARS, CRS, asthma, and AD in the general population were 16.4%, 5.4%, 2.1%, 5.8%, and 14%, respectively. Conclusion During a 6‐year period, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of self‐reported AR in the general Chinese adult population. The incidence of AR being accompanied by rhinosinusitis, asthma, or AD was significantly higher among individuals having self‐reported AR compared with the general population.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yuqin Deng
                Huan Tong
                Yu Xu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): World Allergy Organ J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): World Allergy Organ J
                Title: The World Allergy Organization Journal
                Publisher: World Allergy Organization
                ISSN (Electronic): 1939-4551
                Publication date PMC-release: 06 September 2023
                Publication date Collection: August 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 06 September 2023
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100811
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Rhinology and Allergy, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
                [b ]Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
                [c ]Wound Repair＆Rehabilitation Center Department, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, China
                [d ]Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China. xuy@ 123456whu.edu.cn
                [∗∗ ]Corresponding author. Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, 241 Peng Liuyang Road, Wuhan 430060, China. thuan1008@ 123456whu.edu.cn
                [∗∗∗ ]Corresponding author. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China. rm001651@ 123456whu.edu.cn
                [1]

                Jingyu Huang, Wei Zhang and Rong Xiang contributed equally to this work

                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1939-4551(23)00071-6 Publisher ID: 100811
                DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100811
                PMC ID: 10493265
                PubMed ID: 37701629
                SO-VID: db0325f0-5e1b-4dbb-892b-6d4ce26f70e0
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 4 March 2023
                Date revision received : 24 July 2023
                Date accepted : 12 August 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Full Length Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: allergic rhinitis,gene expression profiles,gene expression array,subcutaneous immunotherapy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: allergic rhinitis, gene expression profiles, gene expression array, subcutaneous immunotherapy

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