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      Combined application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and selenium fertilizer increased wheat biomass under cadmium stress and shapes rhizosphere soil microbial communities

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          Abstract

          Background

          Selenium (Se) fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to modulate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants. However, the effects of their co-application on wheat growth and soil microbial communities in Cd-contaminated soil are unclear.

          Results

          A pot experiment inoculation with two types of AMF and the application of Se fertilizer under Cd stress in wheat showed that inoculation AMF alone or combined with Se fertilizer significantly increased wheat biomass. Se and AMF alone or in combination significantly reduced available Cd concentration in wheat and soil, especially in the Se combined with Ri treatment. High throughput sequencing of soil samples indicated that Se and AMF application had stronger influence on bacterial community compared to fungal community and the bacterial network seemed to have more complex interconnections than the fungal network, and finally shaped the formation of specific microflora to affect Cd availability.

          Conclusion

          These results indicate that the application of Se and AMF, particularly in combination, could successfully decrease soil Cd availability and relieve the harm of Cd in wheat by modifying rhizosphere soil microbial communities.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-024-05032-5.

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          Most cited references64

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          DADA2: High resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data

          We present DADA2, a software package that models and corrects Illumina-sequenced amplicon errors. DADA2 infers sample sequences exactly, without coarse-graining into OTUs, and resolves differences of as little as one nucleotide. In several mock communities DADA2 identified more real variants and output fewer spurious sequences than other methods. We applied DADA2 to vaginal samples from a cohort of pregnant women, revealing a diversity of previously undetected Lactobacillus crispatus variants.
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            Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2

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              ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes--application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts.

              We have designed two taxon-selective primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit. These primers, ITS1-F and ITS4-B, were intended to be specific to fungi and basidiomycetes, respectively. We have tested the specificity of these primers against 13 species of ascomycetes, 14 of basidiomycetes, and 15 of plants. Our results showed that ITS4-B, when paired with either a 'universal' primer ITS1 or the fungal-specific primer ITS1-F, efficiently amplified DNA from all basidiomycetes and discriminated against ascomycete DNAs. The results with plants were not as clearcut. The ITS1-F/ITS4-B primer pair produced a small amount of PCR product for certain plant species, but the quantity was in most cases less than that produced by the 'universal' ITS primers. However, under conditions where both plant and fungal DNAs were present, the fungal DNA was amplified to the apparent exclusion of plant DNA. ITS1-F/ITS4-B preferential amplification was shown to be particularly useful for detection and analysis of the basidiomycete component in ectomycorrhizae and in rust-infected tissues. These primers can be used to study the structure of ectomycorrhizal communities or the distribution of rusts on alternate hosts.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                liuhongen7178@126.com
                Journal
                BMC Plant Biol
                BMC Plant Biol
                BMC Plant Biology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2229
                3 May 2024
                3 May 2024
                2024
                : 24
                : 359
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, ( https://ror.org/04eq83d71) Zhengzhou, 450046 China
                [2 ]Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
                [3 ]GRID grid.264784.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2186 7496, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, , Texas Tech University, ; Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
                Article
                5032
                10.1186/s12870-024-05032-5
                11067182
                38698306
                db119381-d2fa-4c0d-836d-b55de9eee472
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 29 December 2023
                : 16 April 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Key Technology Research and Development Program of Henan
                Award ID: 232102320117
                Funded by: Key Scientific Research Project in Universities of Henan Province
                Award ID: 24A210010
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012166, National Key Research and Development Program of China;
                Award ID: 2021YFD1700900
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024

                Plant science & Botany
                cadmium; selenium,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,bacterial community,fungal community

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