Fuentes de atracción y preferencia de oviposición de Conotrachelus crataegi Walsh (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en Crataegus spp. (Rosaceae: Maloideae)

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Abstract

El tejocote, Crataegus spp., se cultiva en siete entidades de la República mexicana. Su fruto es afectado por Conotrachelus crataegi, insecto que barrena la pulpa y hueso, ocasionando daños y pérdida de calidad. En este trabajo se evaluaron diferentes partes del hospedero, machos y hembras del curculiónido, y combinaciones de ambos, como fuentes de atracción de adultos. También se estudió la preferencia de las hembras para ovipositar en frutos de ocho accesiones de cinco especies de tejocote. Los resultados de pruebas realizadas en olfatómetros de doble vía indicaron que la mejor fuente de atracción de adultos de ambos sexos fue el fruto (P<0.0001), por lo que sus compuestos volátiles podrían ser utilizados para identificar atrayentes de C. crataegi. La preferencia para oviposición estuvo relacionada directamente con el tamaño de fruto e inversamente con su grado de madurez. Los frutos inmaduros, de tamaño mediano y grande, principalmente de la especie Crataegus mexicana, presentaron las cantidades más altas de oviposturas.

Translated abstract

The hawthorn, Crataegus spp., is grown in seven states in Mexico. Its fruit is affected by Conotrachelus crataegi, an insect that bores into its flesh and stones, causing damage and loss of quality. In this research, we evaluated different parts of the host, male and female quince curculios, and combinations thereof, as potential sources of attraction for adults. We also studied female oviposition preference in eight fruit accessions from five hawthorn species. Results of bioassays in two-way olfactometers indicated that the fruits were the best adult attractant source (P<0.0001), so we believe that attractive volatiles released from them should be tested as source material to identify potential attractant compounds for C. crataegi. Oviposition preference was directly related to fruit size, but inversely related to fruit maturity status. Medium and large-sized immature fruits, mainly belonging to the species Crataegus mexicana, were the most oviposited.

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Perception of plant volatile blends by herbivorous insects--finding the right mix.

Toby J. A. Bruce, John A. Pickett (2011)

Volatile plant secondary metabolites are detected by the highly sensitive olfactory system employed by insects to locate suitable plants as hosts and to avoid unsuitable hosts. Perception of these compounds depends on olfactory receptor neurones (ORNs) in sensillae, mostly on the insect antennae, which can recognise individual molecular structures. Perception of blends of plant volatiles plays a pivotal role in host recognition, non-host avoidance and ensuing behavioural responses as different responses can occur to a whole blend compared to individual components. There are emergent properties of blend perception because components of the host blend may not be recognised as host when perceived outside the context of that blend. Often there is redundancy in the composition of blends recognised as host because certain compounds can be substituted by others. Fine spatio-temporal resolution of the synchronous firing of ORNs tuned to specific compounds enables insects to pick out relevant host odour cues against high background noise and with ephemeral exposure to the volatiles at varying concentrations. This task is challenging as they usually rely on ubiquitous plant volatiles and not those taxonomically characteristic of host plants. However, such an odour coding system has the advantage of providing flexibility; it allows for adaptation to changing environments by alterations in signal processing while maintaining the same peripheral olfactory receptors. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.