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      Neighborhood supermarket access and childhood obesity: A systematic review

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          Summary

          Childhood obesity is one of the most pressing public health issues nowadays. The environmental factors have been identified as potential risks for obesity, as they may influence people's lifestyle behaviours. Lack of access to supermarkets that usually provide healthy food options has been found to be a risk factor for childhood obesity in several studies. However, findings remained inconclusive. We aimed to systematically review the association between access to supermarkets and childhood obesity. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for studies published before 1 January 2019. Twenty‐four studies conducted in four countries were identified, from which data on the basic characteristics of studies and participants, measures of access to supermarkets, and associations between access to supermarkets and weight‐related behaviours and outcomes were extracted. The median sample size was 1858 participants. Half of the included studies indicated a negative association, one fourth reported a positive association, and the remaining one fourth did not find a significant association. Better designed studies are necessary to achieve a robust understanding of this epidemiological relationship in the future.

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement

          David Moher, Larissa Shamseer, Mike Clarke … (2017)
          Systematic reviews should build on a protocol that describes the rationale, hypothesis, and planned methods of the review; few reviews report whether a protocol exists. Detailed, well-described protocols can facilitate the understanding and appraisal of the review methods, as well as the detection of modifications to methods and selective reporting in completed reviews. We describe the development of a reporting guideline, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015). PRISMA-P consists of a 17-item checklist intended to facilitate the preparation and reporting of a robust protocol for the systematic review. Funders and those commissioning reviews might consider mandating the use of the checklist to facilitate the submission of relevant protocol information in funding applications. Similarly, peer reviewers and editors can use the guidance to gauge the completeness and transparency of a systematic review protocol submitted for publication in a journal or other medium.
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            Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012.

            Cynthia Ogden, Margaret Carroll, Brian Kit … (2014)
            More than one-third of adults and 17% of youth in the United States are obese, although the prevalence remained stable between 2003-2004 and 2009-2010. To provide the most recent national estimates of childhood obesity, analyze trends in childhood obesity between 2003 and 2012, and provide detailed obesity trend analyses among adults. Weight and height or recumbent length were measured in 9120 participants in the 2011-2012 nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In infants and toddlers from birth to 2 years, high weight for recumbent length was defined as weight for length at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. In children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years, obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. In adults, obesity was defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 30. Analyses of trends in high weight for recumbent length or obesity prevalence were conducted overall and separately by age across 5 periods (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012). In 2011-2012, 8.1% (95% CI, 5.8%-11.1%) of infants and toddlers had high weight for recumbent length, and 16.9% (95% CI, 14.9%-19.2%) of 2- to 19-year-olds and 34.9% (95% CI, 32.0%-37.9%) of adults (age-adjusted) aged 20 years or older were obese. Overall, there was no significant change from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012 in high weight for recumbent length among infants and toddlers, obesity in 2- to 19-year-olds, or obesity in adults. Tests for an interaction between survey period and age found an interaction in children (P = .03) and women (P = .02). There was a significant decrease in obesity among 2- to 5-year-old children (from 13.9% to 8.4%; P = .03) and a significant increase in obesity among women aged 60 years and older (from 31.5% to 38.1%; P = .006). Overall, there have been no significant changes in obesity prevalence in youth or adults between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012. Obesity prevalence remains high and thus it is important to continue surveillance.
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              Associations between access to food stores and adolescent body mass index.

              Lisa M Powell, M Christopher Auld, Frank J. Chaloupka … (2007)
              Environmental factors such as the availability of local-area food stores may be important contributors to the increasing rate of obesity among U.S. adolescents. Repeated cross-sections of individual-level data on adolescents drawn from the Monitoring the Future surveys linked by geocode identifiers to data on food store availability were used to examine associations between adolescent weight and the availability of four types of grocery food stores that include chain supermarkets, nonchain supermarkets, convenience stores, and other grocery stores, holding constant a variety of other individual- and neighborhood-level influences. Increased availability of chain supermarkets was statistically significantly associated with lower adolescent Body Mass Index (BMI) and overweight and that greater availability of convenience stores was statistically significantly associated with higher BMI and overweight. The association between supermarket availability and weight was larger for African-American students compared to white or Hispanic students and larger for students in households in which the mother worked full time. Economic and urban planning land use policies which increase the availability of chain supermarkets may have beneficial effects on youths' weight outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Li Zhao: zhaoli@scu.edu.cn
                Peng Jia:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-3637
                jiapengff@hotmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Obes Rev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Obes Rev
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1467-789X
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OBR
                Title: Obesity Reviews
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 1467-7881
                ISSN (Electronic): 1467-789X
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 September 2019
                Publication date (Print): February 2021
                Volume: 22
                Issue: Suppl 1 , Obesogenic Environment and Childhood Obesity ( doiID: 10.1111/obr.v22.S1 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: e12937
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
                [ 2 ] Policy Research Office Health Policy and Medical Information Institute of Sichuan Province Chengdu China
                [ 3 ] Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
                [ 4 ] International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE) Enschede The Netherlands
                [ 5 ] Office of “Double First Class” Construction, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
                [ 6 ] Department of Health and Human Physiology University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA
                [ 7 ] Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA
                [ 8 ] Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
                [ 9 ] Research Center for Healthy Cities Windesheim University of Applied Sciences Zwolle Netherlands
                [ 10 ] European Association for the Study of Obesity, Patient Council and Prevention and Public Health Taskforce Founding Chair New Investigators United London UK
                [ 11 ] JOGG (Youth at a Healthy Weight) Chair Scientific Advisory Board The Hague Netherlands
                [ 12 ] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
                [ 13 ] School of Public Health Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China
                [ 14 ] Department of Primary Healthcare Luzhou Municipal Health Commission Luzhou China
                [ 15 ] Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
                [ 16 ] West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
                [ 17 ] Faculty of Geo–information Science and Earth Observation University of Twente Enschede Netherlands
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Peng Jia, PhD, Director, International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE); Faculty of Geo‐information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

                Email: jiapengff@ 123456hotmail.com

                Li Zhao, Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.

                Email: zhaoli@ 123456scu.edu.cn

                Qian Zhou and Li Zhao contributed equally to this study.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-3637
                Article
                Publisher ID: OBR12937 Other ID: OBR-08-19-4051
                DOI: 10.1111/obr.12937
                PMC ID: 7988565
                PubMed ID: 31482658
                SO-VID: db4b1958-547a-4436-84f2-ae190eb0da1f
                Copyright © © 2019 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date received : 13 August 2019
                Date accepted : 14 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Pages: 12, Words: 3308
                Funding
                Funded by: United Nations Children's Fund , open-funder-registry 10.13039/100006641;
                Award ID: Unicef 2018‐Nutrition‐2.1.2.3
                Categories
                Subject: Supplement Article
                Subject: Obesogenic Environment and Childhood Obesity
                Subject: Supplement Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date February 2021
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.0 mode:remove_FC converted:24.03.2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: children,food environment,obesity,supermarket
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: children, food environment, obesity, supermarket

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