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      Tendencias temporales de las lesiones mortales (traumáticas) por accidente de trabajo en España (1992-2002) Translated title: Time trends in fatal traumatic occupational injuries in Spain (1992-2002)

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: Describir la evolución temporal de la incidencia de las lesiones por accidentes de trabajo (LAT) traumáticas mortales ocurridas en jornada laboral según la actividad económica, el contrato, la edad y el sexo entre 1992 y 2002 en España. Método: El número de LAT traumáticas mortales en jornada ocurridos en los trabajadores asalariados durante el período de estudio fue de 8.510. El porcentaje de cambio anual para la incidencia se ha calculado por grupo de actividad económica, tipo de contrato, grupo de edad y sexo, asumiendo una distribución Poisson. La incidencia de 2002 se estandarizó por actividad económica para ajustar por el posible efecto del cambio en la estructura de la población asalariada desde 1992. La actividad económica se agrupó según el porcentaje de variación de la población asalariada en el período de estudio. Resultados: La incidencia disminuyó a un ritmo anual de -4,3% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, -5,3 a -3,4%), desde 9,8 por 100.000 en 1992 a 6,1 en 2002, lo que representa un descenso global del 38% (riesgo relativo (RR) = 0,62), especialmente en las actividades económicas con mayor crecimiento de empleo (-4,4%), las mujeres (-7,6%) y los indefinidos (-4,3%). Al ajustar la incidencia de 2002, según la actividad económica de 1992, ésta fue de 8,5 (RR ajustado = 0,87). Conclusiones: La tendencia descendente observada en las LAT traumáticas mortales ocurridas en jornada laboral, similar a la observada en otros países desarrollados, se puede explicar, al menos en dos terceras partes, por los cambios de la estructura productiva. Los resultados muestran dónde deberían concentrarse las actividades preventivas.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To describe time trends in fatal traumatic occupational injuries by economic activity, type of contract, age, and gender between 1992 and 2002 in Spain. Methods: The number of fatal traumatic occupational injuries occurring during the study period in salaried workers was 8,510. The annual percentage of change in fatal occupational injury rates was calculated by economic activity, type of employment, age group, and gender assuming a Poisson distribution. The incidence in 2002 was standardized by economic activity to adjust for the potential effect of changes in the labor market from 1992. Economic activities were regrouped according to their percentages of change in employees during the study period. Results: The incidence of fatal traumatic injuries decreased by an annual percentage of -4.3% (95% CI, -5.3 to -3.4%) from a rate of 9.8 per 100,000 in 1992 to 6.1 in 2002, representing an overall reduction of 38% (relative risk = 0.62), particularly in expanding employment industries (-4.4%), women (-7.6%) and permanent employment (-4.3%). In 2002 the incidence was 8.5 after adjusting by economic activity in 1992 (adjusted relative risk = 0.87). Conclusions: The decreasing trend observed in fatal occupational injuries is similar to that observed in other developed countries. At least two thirds of this decrease can be explained by changes in productive structures. The results indicate the areas in which preventive activities should be concentrated.

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          Comparison of unintentional fatal occupational injuries in the Republic of Korea and the United States.

          To compare the profile of unintentional fatal occupational injuries in the Republic of Korea and the United States to help establish prevention strategies for Korea and to understand country specific differences in fatality risks in different industries. Occupational fatal injury data from 1998-2001 were collected from Korea's Occupational Safety and Health Agency's Survey of Causes of Occupational Injuries (identified by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation) and from the United States Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Employment estimates were obtained in both countries. Industry coding and external cause of death coding were standardized. Descriptive analyses of injury rates and Poisson regression models to examine time trends were conducted. Korea exhibited a significantly higher fatal injury rate, at least two times higher than the United States, after accounting for different employment patterns. The ordering of industries with respect to risk is the same in the two countries, with mining, agriculture/forestry/fishing, and construction being the most dangerous. Fatal injury rates are decreasing in these two countries, although at a faster rate in Korea. Understanding industrial practices within different countries is critical for fully understanding country specific occupational injury statistics. However, differences in surveillance systems and employment estimation methods serve as caveats to any transnational comparison, and need to be harmonized to the fullest extent possible.
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            Diversity of trends in occupational injury mortality in the United States, 1980-96.

            Although the United States has generally enjoyed declining rates of fatal occupational injury, the rate of decline has not been uniform. To examine the heterogeneity of trends, changes in fatal occupational injury rates from 1980 to 1996 were estimated by occupation, industry, geographic region, and demographic group.
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              Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales: L. Nº 31/1995

              (1995)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona )
                0213-9111
                August 2006
                : 20
                : 4
                : 280-286
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universitat Pompeu Fabra Spain
                Article
                S0213-91112006000400005
                10.1157/13091142
                db6bb5ce-2f79-48ae-968c-ba54e6cf5ad0

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Labour market,Occupational health,Occupational risk prevention,Estructura productiva,Salud laboral,Prevención de riesgos laborales

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