Rol de las imágenes en la patología arterial no ateroesclerótica poco frecuente en el abdomen  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Role of images in rare vascular pathology in the abdomen </span>

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Abstract

Resumen La patología arterial no ateromatosa constituye un grupo de patologías poco frecuentes, pero de gran importancia debido a su morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas. La presentación clínica de estas entidades es inespecífica, por lo que el estudio inicial con imágenes es fundamental. Debido a esto, es muy importante reconocer los signos radiológicos característicos de cada una en las diversas modalidades imagenológicas para poder sospechar y orientar el diagnóstico.

Translated abstract

Abstract Non-atheromatous arterial pathology constitutes a group of infrequent pathologies but of great importance due to their associated morbidity and mortality. In general, the clinical presentation of these pathologies is quite nonspecific, so the clinician decides to perform imaging studies thinking of more common entities. It is for this reason that it is very important to recognize characteristic radiological signs in the various imaging modalities to be able to suspect and orient a pathology of this kind.

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Most cited references 19

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Ionizing radiation accelerates the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice and predisposes to an inflammatory plaque phenotype prone to hemorrhage.

S. Russell, Arnold Kruse, Marion Gijbels … (2006)

After radiotherapy treatment, there is an increased incidence of localized atherosclerosis in patients with Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, and head and neck cancer. Here, we established a mouse model to study the development and progression of radiation-induced atherosclerosis and to compare the phenotype of these lesions with age-related atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-/- mice fed a regular chow diet received single radiation doses of 14 Gy or sham treatments (0 Gy) to the neck, including both carotid arteries. At 22, 28, and 34 weeks after irradiation, blood samples were taken, and the arterial tree was removed for histological examination. Cholesterol levels in irradiated mice were not significantly different from age-matched controls, and markers of systemic inflammation (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and C-reactive protein) were not elevated. The lesions in irradiated arteries were macrophage rich, with a remarkable influx of inflammatory cells, predominantly granulocytes. Intraplaque hemorrhage and erythrocyte-containing macrophages were seen only in lesions of irradiated arteries. Based on these data, we propose that irradiation accelerates the development of macrophage-rich, inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions prone to intraplaque hemorrhage.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm: A comprehensive review.

Sourabh Aggarwal, Arman Qamar, Vishal Sharma … (2011)

An arterial aneurysm is defined as a focal dilation of a blood vessel with respect to the original artery. The risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) increases dramatically in the presence of the following factors: age older than 60 years, smoking, hypertension and Caucasian ethnicity. The likelihood that an aneurysm will rupture is influenced by the aneurysm size, expansion rate, continued smoking and persistent hypertension. The majority of AAAs are asymptomatic and are detected as an incidental finding on ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging performed for other purposes. It can also present with abdominal pain or complications such as thrombosis, embolization and rupture. Approximately 30% of asymptomatic AAAs are discovered as a pulsatile abdominal mass on routine physical examination. Abdominal ultrasonography is considered the screening modality of choice for detecting AAAs because of its high sensitivity and specificity, as well as its safety and relatively lower cost. The decision to screen for AAAs is challenging. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended that men between the age of 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked should be screened at least once for AAAs by abdominal ultrasonography. Management options for patients with an asymptomatic AAA include reduction of risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia; medical therapy with beta-blockers; watchful waiting; endovascular stenting; and surgical repair depending on the size and expansion rate of the aneurysm and underlying comorbidities.

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Retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Augusto Vaglio, Carlo Salvarani, Carlo Buzio (2006)

Retroperitoneal fibrosis encompasses a range of diseases characterised by the presence of a fibro-inflammatory tissue, which usually surrounds the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries and extends into the retroperitoneum to envelop neighbouring structures--eg, ureters. Retroperitoneal fibrosis is generally idiopathic, but can also be secondary to the use of certain drugs, malignant diseases, infections, and surgery. Idiopathic disease was thought to result from a local inflammatory reaction to antigens in the atherosclerotic plaques of the abdominal aorta, but clinicolaboratory findings--namely, the presence of constitutional symptoms and the high concentrations of acute-phase reactants--and the frequent association of the disease with autoimmune diseases that involve other organs suggest that it might be a manifestation of a systemic autoimmune or inflammatory disease. Steroids are normally used to treat idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, although other options--eg, immunosuppressants, tamoxifen--are available. The outlook is usually good, but, if not appropriately diagnosed or treated, the disease can cause severe complications, such as end-stage renal failure. Here, we review the different aspects of retroperitoneal fibrosis, focusing on idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and on the differential diagnosis associated with the secondary forms.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): rar

Title: Revista argentina de radiología

Abbreviated Title: Rev. argent. radiol.

Publisher: Sociedad Argentina de Radiología (SAR) y Federación Argentina de Diagnóstico por Imágenes y Terapia Radiante (FAARDIT) (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )

ISSN (Electronic): 1852-9992

Publication date (Print and electronic): 2022

Volume: 86

Issue: 3

Pages: 190-198

Affiliations

[1] Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad del Desarrollo, Región Metropolitana orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago orgdiv2Servicio de TC-RM, División de Imágenes Abdominales Chile

Article

Publisher ID: S1852-99922022000300190 Publisher ID: S1852-9992(22)08600300190

DOI: 10.24875/rar.m22000032

SO-VID: db9533c3-1e63-4251-a7bc-39e6278d63ae

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

History

Date accepted : 11 February 2021

Date received : 27 April 2020

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 9

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SciELO Argentina

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Rol de las imágenes en la patología arterial no ateroesclerótica poco frecuente en el abdomen Translated title: Role of images in rare vascular pathology in the abdomen

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