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      Effects of Parental Migration on Life Satisfaction and Academic Achievement of Left-Behind Children in Rural China—A Case Study in Hubei Province

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          Abstract

          In the rural areas of China, there is a high occurrence of parental migration, wherein adults are flushed into urban areas to search for employment opportunities, leading to millions of left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. LBC attracts more attention from the social community and Chinese government. Here, we compared the life satisfaction and academic achievement of left-behind children (LBC) and non-left-behind children (NLBC) in rural regions that send out migrant labor in Hubei province, central China. We investigated 1031 LBC and 992 NLBC students in grades 4 to 9 in ten elementary and four middle schools, using a structured questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, life satisfaction, and academic achievement scores. The results showed that LBC have a lower life satisfaction and lower academic achievement than NLBC ( p < 0.01). Meanwhile, as the child’s age at separation from parents decreased, their life satisfaction decreased. Additionally, correlations were observed between life satisfaction and academic achievement scores in LBC ( p = 0.004) as well as in NLBC ( p = 0.064). Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into a comprehensive understanding of LBC and suggest that the life satisfaction levels of LBC should be improved in rural China.

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          Subjective Well-Being and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis

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            Life satisfaction in children and youth: Empirical foundations and implications for school psychologists

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              Resource and extrinsic risk in defining fast life histories of rural Chinese left-behind children

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Children (Basel)
                Children (Basel)
                children
                Children
                MDPI
                2227-9067
                27 June 2018
                July 2018
                : 5
                : 7
                : 87
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Education, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
                [2 ]Guankou Middle School, Huanggang 438000, China; chenchunfeng2233@ 123456163.com (C.C.); zhangaiguo5678@ 123456163.com (A.Z.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: songshujuan1973@ 123456163.com ; Tel.: +86-713-883-3000
                Article
                children-05-00087
                10.3390/children5070087
                6069392
                29954132
                db95839f-4239-43bb-a3fb-b4c98fdff45c
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 06 May 2018
                : 20 June 2018
                Categories
                Article

                parental migration,left-behind children,life satisfaction,academic achievement,rural china

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