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      Dietary pattern as identified by factorial analysis and its association with lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose among Iranian individuals with spinal cord injury

      1 , 1 , 1 , 1
      The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
      Maney Publishing

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          Abstract

          Plasma lipids (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)) may be associated with dietary intakes. The purpose of this study was to identify the most common food patterns among Iranian persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and investigate their associations with lipid profile.

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          Factor Analysis

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            A prospective study of diet quality and mortality in women.

            Most studies of diet and health care have focused on the role of single nutrients, foods, or food groups in disease prevention or promotion. Few studies have addressed the health effects of dietary patterns, which include complex mixtures of foods containing multiple nutrients and nonnutrients. To examine the association of mortality with a multifactorial diet quality index. Data from phase 2 (1987-1989) of a prospective cohort study of breast cancer screening, the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, with a median follow-up of 5.6 years. A total of 42,254 women (mean age, 61.1 years) who completed the food frequency questionnaire portion of the survey. All-cause mortality by quartile of Recommended Food Score (RFS; the sum of the number of foods recommended by current dietary guidelines [fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean meats and poultry] that were reported on the questionnaire to be consumed at least once a week, for a maximum score of 23). There were 2065 deaths due to all causes in the cohort. The RFS was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, subjects in the upper quartiles of the RFS had relative risks for all-cause mortality of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.92) for quartile 2, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62-0.81) for quartile 3, and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.61-0.78) for quartile 4 adjusted for education, ethnicity, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, level of physical activity, menopausal hormone use, and history of disease (chi2 for trend = 35.64, P<.001 for trend). These data suggest that a dietary pattern characterized by consumption of foods recommended in current dietary guidelines is associated with decreased risk of mortality in women.
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              Major dietary patterns in relation to general obesity and central adiposity among Iranian women.

              Studying the links between dietary patterns and obesity is especially relevant for Middle-Eastern populations because of their high prevalence of a particular type of obesity, the so-called Middle-Eastern pattern, and their diets' unique characteristics. Therefore, we wondered if major dietary patterns are related to the prevalence of general obesity and central adiposity among Iranian women. In this cross-sectional study of 486 women aged 40-60 y, usual dietary intakes were evaluated using a FFQ and anthropometric measurements. By the use of factor analysis, we extracted 3 major dietary patterns: healthy dietary pattern, western dietary pattern, and Iranian dietary pattern. Individuals in the upper category of the healthy pattern score were less likely to be generally (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.14-0.53) and centrally obese (OR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.16-0.55), whereas those in the upper quintile of western pattern had greater odds (for general obesity: 2.73; 95% CI = 1.46-5.08 and for central obesity: 5.74; 95% CI =2.99-10.99). Controlling for potential confounders attenuated the associations, but even after adjusting for energy intake, the associations were significant for both general and central obesity. Although the Iranian dietary pattern and general obesity were not significantly associated, subjects in the highest quintile had greater odds of being centrally obese, either before (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.18-3.90) or after (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.09-3.65) control for confounders. This study indicates significant associations among major dietary patterns, general obesity, and central adiposity in a Middle-Eastern country. Further prospective investigations are required to confirm such associations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
                The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
                Maney Publishing
                1079-0268
                2045-7723
                July 2015
                July 03 2016
                February 25 2016
                July 03 2016
                : 39
                : 4
                : 433-442
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                Article
                10.1179/2045772314Y.0000000294
                5102294
                25667971
                dbae0e85-058c-48af-8214-b57c0b8d61a9
                © 2016
                History

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