There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.
Abstract
<p class="first" id="d8824809e69">The glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kilodalton isoform
(GAD65) antibody is a biomarker
of autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders and, more commonly, nonneurological
autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, and pernicious anemia
are the most frequent GAD65 autoimmune associations. One or more of these disorders
coexists in approximately 70% of patients with GAD65 neurological autoimmunity. Neurological
phenotypes have CNS localization and include limbic encephalitis, epilepsy, cerebellar
ataxia, and stiff-person syndrome (SPS), among others. Classic SPS is a disorder on
the spectrum of CNS hyperexcitability which also includes phenotypes that are either
more restricted (stiff-limb syndrome) or more widespread (progressive encephalomyelitis
with rigidity and myoclonus). GAD65 antibody is not highly predictive of a paraneoplastic
cause for neurological disorders, but diverse cancer types have been occasionally
reported. For all phenotypes, responses to immunotherapy are variable (approximately
50% improve). GAD65 autoimmunity is important to recognize for both coexisting nonneurological
autoimmune associations and potential immunotherapy-response. Muscle Nerve 56: 15-27,
2017.
</p>