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      GAD65 neurological autoimmunity : AANEM Minimonograph: GAD65 Neurological Autoimmunity

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      Muscle & Nerve
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d8824809e69">The glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kilodalton isoform (GAD65) antibody is a biomarker of autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders and, more commonly, nonneurological autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, and pernicious anemia are the most frequent GAD65 autoimmune associations. One or more of these disorders coexists in approximately 70% of patients with GAD65 neurological autoimmunity. Neurological phenotypes have CNS localization and include limbic encephalitis, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, and stiff-person syndrome (SPS), among others. Classic SPS is a disorder on the spectrum of CNS hyperexcitability which also includes phenotypes that are either more restricted (stiff-limb syndrome) or more widespread (progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus). GAD65 antibody is not highly predictive of a paraneoplastic cause for neurological disorders, but diverse cancer types have been occasionally reported. For all phenotypes, responses to immunotherapy are variable (approximately 50% improve). GAD65 autoimmunity is important to recognize for both coexisting nonneurological autoimmune associations and potential immunotherapy-response. Muscle Nerve 56: 15-27, 2017. </p>

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Muscle & Nerve
          Muscle Nerve
          Wiley-Blackwell
          0148639X
          July 2017
          July 11 2017
          : 56
          : 1
          : 15-27
          Article
          10.1002/mus.25565
          28063151
          dbb48b79-3387-4592-9b24-d20dc374e857
          © 2017

          http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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