Associations of maternal phthalate and bisphenol urine concentrations during pregnancy with childhood blood pressure in a population-based prospective cohort study

Abstract

Objectives:

Fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols may lead to vascular developmental adaptations, which program later cardiovascular disease. We examined the associations of fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols with childhood blood pressure.

Methods:

In a population-based, prospective cohort study among 1,064 mother-child pairs, we measured maternal urine phthalate and bisphenol concentrations in first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. We measured childhood blood pressure at the mean age of 9.7 years (standard deviation 0.2 years) old. Analyses were performed for the total group, and for boys and girls separately.

Results:

Maternal urine phthalate concentrations were not associated with childhood blood pressure among boys. Higher third trimester maternal urine concentrations of high molecular weight phthalates (HMWP), di-2-ehtylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octylphthalate (DNOP) were associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure among girls (p-values < 0.01). Also, higher second trimester maternal urine total bisphenol and bisphenol A concentrations were associated with higher systolic blood pressure among boys (p values < 0.01), but tended to be associated with a lower diastolic blood pressure among girls.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest sex-dependent associations of maternal urine phthalate and bisphenol concentrations during pregnancy with childhood blood pressure. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and long term consequences.