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Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials
J. N. Coleman ,
M. Lotya ,
A. O'Neill ,
S. D. Bergin ,
P. J. King ,
U. Khan ,
K. Young ,
A. Gaucher ,
S. De ,
R. J. Smith ,
I. V. Shvets ,
S. K. Arora ,
G. Stanton ,
H.-Y. Kim ,
K. Lee ,
G. T. Kim ,
G. S. Duesberg ,
T. Hallam ,
J. J. Boland ,
J. J. Wang ,
J. F. Donegan ,
J. C. Grunlan ,
G. Moriarty ,
A. Shmeliov ,
R. J. Nicholls ,
J. M. Perkins ,
E. M. Grieveson ,
K. Theuwissen ,
D. W. McComb ,
P. D. Nellist ,
V. Nicolosi
February 03 2011
February 03 2011
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Abstract
If they could be easily exfoliated, layered materials would become a diverse source
of two-dimensional crystals whose properties would be useful in applications ranging
from electronics to energy storage. We show that layered compounds such as MoS(2),
WS(2), MoSe(2), MoTe(2), TaSe(2), NbSe(2), NiTe(2), BN, and Bi(2)Te(3) can be efficiently
dispersed in common solvents and can be deposited as individual flakes or formed into
films. Electron microscopy strongly suggests that the material is exfoliated into
individual layers. By blending this material with suspensions of other nanomaterials
or polymer solutions, we can prepare hybrid dispersions or composites, which can be
cast into films. We show that WS(2) and MoS(2) effectively reinforce polymers, whereas
WS(2)/carbon nanotube hybrid films have high conductivity, leading to promising thermoelectric
properties.