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      LID and LETID evolution of PV modules during outdoor operation and indoor tests

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      EPJ Photovoltaics
      EDP Sciences
      BO LID, LETID, PERC, PV modules

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          Abstract

          Light Induced Degradation (LID) and Light and Elevated Temperature Induced Degradation (LETID) manifest with carrier injection due to light or forward bias and can lead to performance losses during the first months or years of operation in the field. We are investigating the effects of common LETID indoor test conditions and the module temperature under outdoor exposure on the evolution of BO LID and LETID over time. The investigations are based on experimental data from twelve structurally identical mono-crystalline and two multi-crystalline PERC PV modules, which underwent a detailed experiment including five different indoor test sequences and an outdoor test. Changes in the module performance are discussed based on the current knowledge on state transitions of the BO defect and LETID. Temporary recovery of the LETID defect was used to distinguish LETID from other degradation mechanisms. Our results confirm the importance of BO stabilization prior to LETID tests as it is included in the current IEC TS draft for LETID detection. We also show that too strong acceleration of the processes can lead to misinterpretation of LETID test results. Under dark storage conditions, destabilization of BO defects was found to already evolve at temperatures as low as 75 °C and a likely alteration of subsequent LETID was observed. The performance changes under outdoor exposure can be explained with the same mechanisms as investigated under indoor experiments and reveal reversible seasonal recovery effects. Furthermore, the influence of different module operating temperatures on the evolution of both, BO LID and LETID is presented and evaluated.

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          Most cited references22

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          Investigation of the double exponential in the current—Voltage characteristics of silicon solar cells

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            Degradation of multicrystalline silicon solar cells and modules after illumination at elevated temperature

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              Influence of bound hydrogen states on BO-regeneration kinetics and consequences for high-speed regeneration processes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                epjpv
                https://www.epj-pv.org
                EPJ Photovoltaics
                EPJ Photovolt.
                EDP Sciences
                2105-0716
                01 December 2021
                01 December 2021
                2021
                : 12
                : ( publisher-idID: epjpv/2021/01 )
                : 9
                Affiliations
                Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Heidenhofstr. 2, , 79110 Freiburg, Germany,
                Author notes
                Article
                pv210037
                10.1051/epjpv/2021009
                dc055bb6-a76f-4b97-b8cf-f73ce739f29f
                © E. Fokuhl et al., Published by EDP Sciences, 2021

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 30 June 2021
                : 18 October 2021
                : 2 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 15, Tables: 0, Equations: 14, References: 34, Pages: 13
                Categories
                EU PVSEC 2021: State of the Art and Developments in Photovoltaics
                Regular Article
                Custom metadata
                EPJ Photovoltaics 12, 9 (2021)
                yes
                2021
                2021
                2021

                Sustainable & Green chemistry,Materials technology,Semiconductors,Materials for energy,Technical & Applied physics,Renewable energy
                PV modules,BO LID,LETID,PERC

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