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      • Abstract: found
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      Peritraumatic Distress, Watching Television, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Rescue Workers after the Great East Japan Earthquake

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          Abstract

          Background

          The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2001 left around 20,000 dead or missing. Previous studies showed that rescue workers, as well as survivors, of disasters are at high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the predictive usefulness of the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) among rescue workers of Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs) deployed during the acute disaster phase of the Great East Japan Earthquake.

          Methodology/Principal Findings

          In this prospective observational study, the DMAT members recruited were assessed 1 month after the earthquake on the PDI and 4 months after the earthquake on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised to determine PTSD symptoms. The predictive value of the PDI at initial assessment for PTSD symptoms at the follow-up assessment was examined by univariate and multiple linear regression analysis. Of the 254 rescue workers who participated in the initial assessment, 173 completed the follow-up assessment. Univariate regression analysis revealed that PDI total score and most individual item scores predicted PTSD symptoms. In particular, high predictive values were seen for peritraumatic emotional distress such as losing control of emotions and being ashamed of emotional reactions. In multiple linear regression analysis, PDI total score was an independent predictor for PTSD symptoms after adjusting for covariates. As for covariates specifically, watching earthquake television news reports for more than 4 hours per day predicted PTSD symptoms.

          Conclusions/Significance

          The PDI predicted PTSD symptoms in rescue workers after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Peritraumatic emotional distress appears to be an important factor to screen for individuals at risk for developing PTSD among medical rescue workers. In addition, watching television for extended period of time might require attention at a time of crisis.

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          Most cited references20

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          Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis.

          Emily Ozer, Suzanne R. Best, Tami L Lipsey … (2003)
          A review of 2,647 studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) yielded 476 potential candidates for a meta-analysis of predictors of PTSD or of its symptoms. From these, 68 studies met criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis of 7 predictors: (a) prior trauma, (b) prior psychological adjustment, (c) family history of psychopathology, (d) perceived life threat during the trauma, (e) posttrauma social support, (f) peritraumatic emotional responses, and (g) peritraumatic dissociation. All yielded significant effect sizes, with family history, prior trauma, and prior adjustment the smallest (weighted r = .17) and peritraumatic dissociation the largest (weighted r = .35). The results suggest that peritraumatic psychological processes, not prior characteristics, are the strongest predictors of PTSD.
          Article 0 comments Cited 328 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Targeting abnormal neural circuits in mood and anxiety disorders: from the laboratory to the clinic.

            Kerry J Ressler, Helen Mayberg (2007)
            Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advances in the neuroscience of emotion, learning and memory, and in animal models for understanding depression and anxiety. This review focuses on new rationally designed psychiatric treatments derived from preclinical human and animal studies. Nonpharmacological treatments that affect disrupted emotion circuits include vagal nerve stimulation, rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation, all borrowed from neurological interventions that attempt to target known pathological foci. Other approaches include drugs that are given in relation to specific learning events to enhance or disrupt endogenous emotional learning processes. Imaging data suggest that common regions of brain activation are targeted with pharmacological and somatic treatments as well as with the emotional learning in psychotherapy. Although many of these approaches are experimental, the rapidly developing understanding of emotional circuit regulation is likely to provide exciting and powerful future treatments for debilitating mood and anxiety disorders.
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              Reliability and validity of the Japanese-language version of the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R-J): four studies of different traumatic events.

              Nozomu Asukai, Hiroshi Kato, Noriyuki Kawamura … (2002)
              The authors developed the Japanese-language version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-J) and investigated its reliability and validity in four different groups: workers with lifetime mixed traumatic events, survivors of an arsenic poisoning case, survivors of the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake, and survivors of the Tokyo Metro sarin attack. Evidence includes retest reliability and internal consistency of the IES-R-J. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and partial PTSD cases indicated significantly higher scores than non-PTSD cases. The IES-R-J can be a useful self-rating diagnostic instrument particularly for survivors with PTSD symptoms as a clinical concern (PTSD + partial PTSD) by using a 24/25 cutoff in total score. In analysis of scale structure, the majority of intrusion and hyperarousal items were subsumed under the same cluster, whereas avoidance items made up a separate cluster. Female patients indicated higher scores than male patients. A negative weak correlation between age and the score was found only among female earthquake survivors. The IES-R-J can be used as a validated instrument in future international comparative research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 April 2012
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e35248
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychiatry, National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Japan
                [2 ]Clinical Research Institute, National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Japan
                [3 ]CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tachikawa, Japan
                [4 ]Head Office, Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team, Tachikawa, Japan
                [5 ]Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Family and Consumer Science, Kamakura Women's University, Kamakura, Japan
                [6 ]Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
                [7 ]Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
                [8 ]Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
                [9 ]Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
                [10 ]Clinical Research Training and Consultation Program, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
                Wayne State University, United States of America
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: DN YM. Performed the experiments: DN YM. Analyzed the data: DN NN TS YM. Wrote the paper: DN YM. Drafted the original protocol: DN YM. Participated in the refinements of the protocol: DN YK NN TS KH TH YM. Managed the enrollment procedure and overall regulation of the study: YK. Commented on the drafts: YK NN TS HN KH TH.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-11-21690
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035248
                PMC ID: 3338412
                PubMed ID: 22558130
                SO-VID: dc0b5513-a098-4287-a6d6-868f17ed961f
                Copyright © Nishi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 28 October 2011
                Date accepted : 12 March 2012
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine
                Subject: Mental Health
                Subject: Psychiatry
                Subject: Anxiety Disorders
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Psychological Stress
                Subject: Psychometrics
                Subject: Social Psychology
                Subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Psychological Stress
                Subject: Psychometrics
                Subject: Social Psychology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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