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      COVID-19-related stress and anxiety are associated with negative body image in adults from the United Kingdom

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          Abstract

          The stress and anxiety caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presents a serious threat to psychological well-being in populations worldwide and may also extend to body image outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a preliminary study in which an online sample of adults from the United Kingdom ( N = 506, age M = 34.25 years) were asked to complete measures of perceived stress, stressful life events, trait anxiety, COVID-19-related stress and anxiety, and negative body image (body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness in women, body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction in men). The results of hierarchical regressions indicated that COVID-19-related stress and anxiety explained significant incremental variance in body image outcomes (Adj. Δ R 2 = .02 to .10), over-and-above demographics (age and body mass index) and perceived stress, trait anxiety, and stressful life events. These findings suggest that COVID-19-related stress and anxiety may shape body image outcomes under conditions of physical and social distancing.

          Highlights

          • COVID-19-related stress and anxiety associated with negative body image

          • Effects similar across women and men using gender-specific body image outcomes

          • Effects significant after variance accounted for by perceived stress, stressful life events, and trait anxiety

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          Most cited references21

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          The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention

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            Is Open Access

            An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China

            Responding to an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (agent of COVID-19) in December 2019, China banned travel to and from Wuhan city on 23 January and implemented a national emergency response. We investigated the spread and control of COVID-19 using a unique data set including case reports, human movement and public health interventions. The Wuhan shutdown was associated with the delayed arrival of COVID-19 in other cities by 2.91 days (95%CI: 2.54-3.29). Cities that implemented control measures pre-emptively reported fewer cases, on average, in the first week of their outbreaks (13.0; 7.1-18.8) compared with cities that started control later (20.6; 14.5-26.8). Suspending intra-city public transport, closing entertainment venues and banning public gatherings were associated with reductions in case incidence. The national emergency response appears to have delayed the growth and limited the size of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, averting hundreds of thousands of cases by 19 February (day 50).
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              Effects of COVID‐19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study

              Abstract Objective To test the hypothesis that youths with obesity, when removed from structured school activities and confined to their homes during the COVID‐19 pandemic, will display unfavorable trends in lifestyle behaviors. Methods The sample included 41 children and adolescents with obesity participating in a longitudinal observational study located in Verona, Italy. Lifestyle information including diet, activity, and sleep behaviors were collected at baseline and three weeks into the national lockdown during which home confinement was mandatory. Changes in outcomes over the two study time points were evaluated for significance using paired t‐tests. Results There were no changes in reported vegetable intake; fruit intake increased (p=0.055) during the lockdown. By contrast, potato chip, red meat, and sugary drink intakes increased significantly during the lockdown (p‐value range, 0.005 to <0.001). Time spent in sports activities decreased (X±SD) by 2.30±4.60 hours/week (p=0.003) and sleep time increased by 0.65±1.29 hours/day (p=0.003). Screen time increased by 4.85±2.40 hours/day (p<0.001). Conclusions Recognizing these adverse collateral effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown is critical in avoiding depreciation of weight control efforts among youths afflicted with excess adiposity. Depending on duration, these untoward lockdown effects may have a lasting impact on a child’s or adolescent’s adult adiposity level.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pers Individ Dif
                Pers Individ Dif
                Personality and Individual Differences
                Elsevier Ltd.
                0191-8869
                0191-8869
                7 October 2020
                15 February 2021
                7 October 2020
                : 170
                : 110426
                Affiliations
                [a ]School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
                [b ]Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
                [c ]Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
                [d ]Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB1 1PT, United Kingdom.
                Article
                S0191-8869(20)30617-6 110426
                10.1016/j.paid.2020.110426
                7539826
                33046945
                dc104f32-9b62-4ed7-bc67-e7b85117242f
                © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 17 August 2020
                : 29 September 2020
                : 3 October 2020
                Categories
                Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                negative body image,stress,anxiety,coronavirus,covid-19
                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                negative body image, stress, anxiety, coronavirus, covid-19

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