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      Factores relacionados con el inicio no programado de hemodiálisis en pacientes seguidos en consulta ERCA Translated title: Factors related to unplanned dialysis start in patients followed in ESRD consultation

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción. El inicio programado del tratamiento renal sustitutivo es un objetivo prioritario en el manejo de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, ya que supone un gran impacto para la supervivencia de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Analizar características clínicas implicadas en el inicio no programado de la hemodiálisis en pacientes seguidos en consulta ERCA. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional en pacientes incidentes en el periodo 2014-2018. Se recogieron datos clínicos y sociodemográficos de la historia clínica del paciente, tiempo de seguimiento en consulta ERCA, filtrado glomerular al inicio de la consulta ERCA, causa y tipo de inicio (programado o no) de la hemodiálisis, así como el acceso vascular empleado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 168 pacientes incidentes seguidos en consulta ERCA. El 28,6% inició hemodiálisis de forma no programada. Los inicios programados se debieron a causa urémica y los no programados, a insuficiencia cardíaca (92% y 54% respectivamente, p<0,001). Los pacientes con inicio no programado utilizaron un catéter en el 77% de las ocasiones (p<0,001), tenían más edad (69,27±9,4 vs 65,18±12,75 años) y un menor tiempo de seguimiento en la consulta ERCA (15,60±12,37 vs 23,64±20,25 meses) que los pacientes con inicio programado. Conclusiones: Pacientes de mayor edad, con menor tiempo de seguimiento en consulta ERCA tienen más riesgo de iniciar hemodiálisis de forma no programada a través de un catéter venoso central por falta de un acceso vascular definitivo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction. The planned start of renal replacement therapy is a priority objective in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease, having a great impact on patient survival. Objective: To analyse the clinical characteristics involved in the unplanned hemodialysis start in patients followed in ESRD consultation. Material and Method: Retrospective observational study in incident patients in the 2014-2018 period. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected on the patient's medical record, follow-up time in the ESRD consultation, glomerular filtration at the beginning of the ESRD consultation, cause and type of hemodialysis start (planned or not), as well as the vascular access used. Results: 168 incident patients followed in ESRD consultation were included. 28.6% started hemodialysis in an unplanned way. The planned dialysis starts were due to uremic cause and unplanned due to heart failure (92% and 54% respectively, p<0.001). Patients with unplanned start used a catheter 77% of the time (p <0.001), were older (69.27 ± 9.4 vs. 65.18 ± 12.75 years) and shorter follow-up time in ESRD consultation (15.60 ± 12.37 vs. 23.64 ± 20.25 months) than patients with planned start. Conclusions: Older patients, with shorter follow-up time in an ESRD consultation, have a higher risk of starting hemodialysis in an unplanned way through a central venous catheter due to lack of definitive vascular access.

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          An integrated review of "unplanned" dialysis initiation: reframing the terminology to "suboptimal" initiation

          Background Ideally, care prior to the initiation of dialysis should increase the likelihood that patients start electively outside of the hospital setting with a mature arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter. However, unplanned dialysis continues to occur in patients both known and unknown to nephrology services, and in both late and early referrals. The objective of this article is to review the clinical and socioeconomic outcomes of unplanned dialysis initiation. The secondary objective is to explore the potential cost implications of reducing the rate of unplanned first dialysis in Canada. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to 2008 were used to identify studies examining the clinical, economic or quality of life (QoL) outcomes in patients with an unplanned versus planned first dialysis. Data were described in a qualitative manner. Results Eight European studies (5,805 patients) were reviewed. Duration of hospitalization and mortality was higher for the unplanned versus planned population. Patients undergoing a first unplanned dialysis had significantly worse laboratory parameters and QoL. Rates of unplanned dialysis ranged from 24-49%. The total annual burden to the Canadian healthcare system of unplanned dialysis in 2005 was estimated at $33 million in direct hospital costs alone. Reducing the rate of unplanned dialysis by one-half yielded savings ranging from $13.3 to $16.1 million. Conclusion The clinical and socioeconomic impact of unplanned dialysis is significant. To more consistently characterize the unplanned population, the term suboptimal initiation is proposed to include dialysis initiation in hospital and/or with a central venous catheter and/or with a patient not starting on their chronic modality of choice. Further research and implementation of initiatives to reduce the rate of suboptimal initiation of dialysis in Canada are needed.
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            Suboptimal initiation of dialysis with and without early referral to a nephrologist.

            Our objective was to examine patients who initiate renal replacement therapy (RRT) at 10 representative Canadian centers, characterize their initiation as inpatient or outpatient and describe their initial type of dialysis access, duration of pre-dialysis care and clinical status at the time of dialysis initiation. We also examined the impact of an optimal dialysis start (i.e. initiated as an outpatient with an arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft or peritoneal dialysis catheter) on subsequent health outcomes. Charts of consecutive incident RRT patients were identified from 1 July to 31 December 2006. Information was collected until 6 months after the initiation or until death, transplant or transfer. Three hundred and thirty-nine incident RRT patients were studied: 39.6% initiated as an inpatient; 54% started hemodialysis (HD) with a central venous catheter; 15.3% had 1 year. Optimal starts occurred in 39.5% of patients. For HD patients, optimal starts occurred in 19.8%. Suboptimal starts were noted in patients referred <12 months prior to end-stage renal disease (44%) and in patients referred earlier (56%). The composite end point of death, transfusion or subsequent hospitalization was significantly reduced with an optimal start [hazard ratio 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.32-0.68), P = 0.0001]. Suboptimal initiation of dialysis is common in patients referred early or late. The benefits of early referral are lost if dialysis is initiated suboptimally. There is a need to identify factors that lead to suboptimal initiation despite early referral.
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              Factors associated with suboptimal initiation of dialysis despite early nephrologist referral.

              STARRT recently demonstrated that many patients experience suboptimal dialysis starts (defined as initiation as an inpatient and/or with a central venous catheter), even when followed by a nephrologist for >12 months (NDT 2011). However, STARRT did not identify the factors associated with suboptimal initiation of dialysis. The objectives of this study were to extend the results of STARRT by ascertaining the factors leading to suboptimal initiation of dialysis in patients who were referred at least 12 months prior to commencement of dialysis. At each of the three Toronto centers, charts of consecutive incident RRT patients were identified from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2010, with predetermined data extracted. A total of 436 incident RRT patients were studied; 52.4% were followed by a nephrologist for >12 months prior to the initiation of dialysis. Suboptimal starts occurred in 56.4% of these patients. No attempt at arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG) prior to initiation was made in 65% of these starts. Factors contributing to suboptimal starts despite early referral included patient-related delays (31.25%), acute-on-chronic kidney disease (31.25%), surgical delays (16.41%), late decision-making (8.59%) and others (12.50%). The percentage of optimal starts with early referral among 14 nephrologists ranged from 33 to 72%. Most patients started dialysis in a suboptimal manner, despite an extended period of pre-dialysis care. Nephrologists should take responsibility for suboptimal initiation of dialysis despite early referral and test methods that attempt to prevent this.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                enefro
                Enfermería Nefrológica
                Enferm Nefrol
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2254-2884
                2255-3517
                March 2020
                : 23
                : 1
                : 68-74
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameHospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla orgdiv1Área de Calidad, Formación, I+D+I de Enfermería Spain
                [1] orgnameHospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla orgdiv1Servicio de Nefrología/Hemodiálisis Spain
                Article
                S2254-28842020000100068 S2254-2884(20)02300100068
                10.37551/s2254-28842020008
                dc159cc8-93cb-4ce2-a511-9fdbacef2db9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 February 2020
                : 15 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                hemodialysis,enfermedad renal crónica avanzada,hemodiálisis,toma de decisiones compartidas,inicio no programado de diálisis,advanced chronic kidney disease,shared decision making,unplanned dialysis start

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