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      In vivo Brillouin optical microscopy of the human eye

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          Abstract

          We report the first Brillouin measurement of the human eye in vivo. We constructed a Brillouin optical scanner safe for human use by employing continuous-wave laser light at 780 nm at a low power of 0.7 mW. With a single scan along the optic axis of the eye, the axial profile of Brillouin frequency shift was obtained with a pixel acquisition time of 0.4 s and axial resolution of about 60 μm, showing the depth-dependent biomechanical properties in the cornea and lens.

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          Most cited references25

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          Determining in vivo biomechanical properties of the cornea with an ocular response analyzer.

          David Luce (2005)
          To study the results of an ocular response analyzer (ORA) to determine the biomechanical properties of the cornea and their relationship to intraocular pressure (IOP). Reichert Inc., Depew, New York, USA. The ORA (Reichert) makes 2 essentially instantaneous applanation measurements that permit determination of corneal and IOP effects. Measurements of several populations indicate that corneal hysteresis, a biomechanical measure, varied over a dynamic range of 1.8 to 14.6 mm Hg and was only weakly correlated with corneal thickness (r(2)=0.12); this is related to the observation that some subjects with relatively thick corneas have less-than-average corneal hysteresis. Corneal hysteresis changes diurnally, presumably as a result of hydration changes. Keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, and post-LASIK patients demonstrated low corneal hysteresis. The corneal hysteresis biomechanical measure may prove valuable for qualification and predictions of outcomes of refractive surgery and in other cases in which corneal biomechanics are important.
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            Confocal Brillouin microscopy for three-dimensional mechanical imaging.

            Acoustically induced inelastic light scattering, first reported in 1922 by Brillouin1, allows non-contact, direct readout of the viscoelastic properties of a material and has widely been investigated for material characterization2, structural monitoring3 and environmental sensing4. Extending the Brillouin technique from point sampling spectroscopy to imaging modality5 would open up new possibilities for mechanical imaging, but has been challenging because rapid spectrum acquisition is required. Here, we demonstrate a confocal Brillouin microscope based on a fully parallel spectrometer-a virtually imaged phased array-that improves the detection efficiency by nearly 100-fold over previous approaches. Using the system, we show the first cross-sectional Brillouin imaging based on elastic properties as the contrast mechanism and monitor fast dynamic changes in elastic modulus during polymer crosslinking. Furthermore, we report the first in situ biomechanical measurement of the crystalline lens in a mouse eye. These results suggest multiple applications of Brillouin microscopy in biomedical and biomaterial science.
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              Maximum permissible exposures for ocular safety (ANSI 2000), with emphasis on ophthalmic devices

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Opt Express
                Opt Express
                OE
                Optics Express
                Optical Society of America
                1094-4087
                05 April 2012
                09 April 2012
                05 April 2013
                : 20
                : 8
                : 9197-9202
                Affiliations
                [1]Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St., BHX-6, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                163291
                10.1364/OE.20.009197
                3500092
                22513631
                dc19448a-e423-41c1-93b5-730ada57828b
                ©2012 Optical Society of America

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License, which permits download and redistribution, provided that the original work is properly cited. This license restricts the article from being modified or used commercially.

                History
                : 21 February 2012
                : 30 March 2012
                : 1 April 2012
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health
                Award ID: R21EB008472
                Award ID: P41RR032042
                Funded by: National Science of Foundation
                Award ID: CBET-0853773
                Funded by: Department of Defense
                Award ID: FA9550-04-1-0079
                Funded by: Center for Integration of Medical Innovation and Technology
                Categories
                Research-Article
                Custom metadata
                True
                12

                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                (300.6190) spectrometers,(290.5830) scattering, brillouin
                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                (300.6190) spectrometers, (290.5830) scattering, brillouin

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