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      Independent control of beam astigmatism and ellipticity using a SLM for fs-laser waveguide writing.

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          Abstract

          We have used a low repetition rate (1 kHz), femtosecond laser amplifier in combination with a spatial light modulator (SLM) to write optical waveguides with controllable cross-section inside a phosphate glass sample. The SLM is used to induce a controllable amount of astigmatism in the beam wavefront while the beam ellipticity is controlled through the propagation distance from the SLM to the focusing optics of the writing set-up. The beam astigmatism leads to the formation of two separate disk-shaped foci lying in orthogonal planes. Additionally, the ellipticity has the effect of enabling control over the relative peak irradiances of the two foci, making it possible to bring the peak irradiance of one of them below the material transformation threshold. This allows producing a single waveguide with controllable cross-section. Numerical simulations of the irradiance distribution at the focal region under different beam shaping conditions are compared to in situ obtained experimental plasma emission images and structures produced inside the glass, leading to a very satisfactory agreement. Finally, guiding structures with controllable cross-section are successfully produced in the phosphate glass using this approach.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Opt Express
          Optics express
          1094-4087
          1094-4087
          Nov 09 2009
          : 17
          : 23
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Optica, CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
          Article
          188443
          10.1364/OE.17.020853
          19997320
          dc1db3cc-ff2d-4eca-977f-6ac7c52551e9
          History

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