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      VPS9a Activates the Rab5 GTPase ARA7 to Confer Distinct Pre- and Postinvasive Plant Innate Immunity.

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          Abstract

          Plant innate immunity can effectively prevent the proliferation of filamentous pathogens. Papilla formation at the site of attack is essential for preinvasive immunity; in postinvasive immunity, the encasement of pathogen structures inside host cells can hamper disease. Whereas papillae are highly dependent on transcytosis of premade material, little is known about encasement formation. Here, we show that endosome-associated VPS9a, the conserved guanine-nucleotide exchange factor activating Rab5 GTPases, is required for both pre- and postinvasive immunity against a nonadapted powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei) in Arabidopsis thaliana Surprisingly, VPS9a acts in addition to two previously well-described innate immunity components and thus represents an additional step in the regulation of how plants resist pathogens. We found VPS9a to be important for delivering membrane material to the encasement and VPS9a also plays a predominant role in postinvasive immunity. GTP-bound Rab5 GTPases accumulate in the encasement, but not the papillae, suggesting that two independent pathways form these defense structures. VPS9a also mediates defense to an adapted powdery mildew fungus, thus regulating a durable type of defense that works in both host and nonhost resistance. We propose that VPS9a plays a conserved role in organizing cellular endomembrane trafficking, required for delivery of defense components in response to powdery mildew fungi.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Plant Cell
          The Plant cell
          American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB)
          1532-298X
          1040-4651
          Aug 2017
          : 29
          : 8
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark maen@plen.ku.dk.
          [2 ] Department of Developmental Genetics, The Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
          [3 ] Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
          Article
          tpc.16.00859
          10.1105/tpc.16.00859
          5590494
          28808134
          dc20517a-7916-4daa-b3a9-323fee23f7f8
          History

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