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      The Construction and Validation of a New Hepatitis C Virus Social Stigma in the Workplace Scale Translated title: Desenvolvimento e validação de uma escala de estigma social no local de trabalho associado ao novo vírus de Hepatite C

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          Abstract

          Aim

          The purpose of this study was to develop a new scale to measure the social stigma of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the workplace using a refined version of Link and colleagues’ (Link & Phelan, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363; Link, Yang, Phelan, & Collins, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007098) definition of social stigma.

          Methods

          The new scale was developed over a multistage process that was guided by existing scales and focus groups. Two studies were conducted to validate the scale. The first, collected data from 224 employees and used exploratory factor analysis to remove unsatisfactory items. The second study collected data from 254 employees and used confirmatory factor analysis.

          Results

          Results indicated that the new 32 item scale had acceptable reliability and validity. These results support the conceptualization of stigma as a latent construct that abstracts stereotyping, prejudice and intention to discriminate.

          Conclusion

          Findings elucidate that HCV stigma can be operationalized as a general factor behind stereotyping, prejudice and intentions to discriminate in the workplace. This is an important conclusion because it may bring parsimony and coherence to a complex and dispersed literature. Additionally, the new scale may be used to study HCV stigma in the workplace.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo

          O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver uma nova escala para medir o estigma social associado ao Vírus da Hepatite C (VHC) no local de trabalho utilizando uma versão melhorada da definição de estigma social de Link e colegas (Link & Phelan, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363; Link, Yang, Phelan, & Collins, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007098).

          Método

          A nova escala foi desenvolvida através de um processo multifásico que foi guiado por escalas existentes e grupos focais. Dois estudos foram realizados para validar a escala. No primeiro, recolheram-se dados de 224 funcionários e recorreu-se à análise exploratória fatorial para remover itens insatisfatórios. No segundo estudo recolheram-se 254 funcionários e recorreu-se à análise fatorial confirmatória.

          Resultados

          Os resultados indicaram que os novos 32 itens apresentam fiabilidade e validade aceitáveis. Estes resultados suportam a conceptualização do estigma enquanto um construto latente que transforma a estereotipação, o preconceito e a intenção para discriminar em conceitos abstratos.

          Conclusão

          Os resultados indicam que o estigma em relação ao VHC pode ser operacionalizado como um fator geral inerente à estereotipação, ao preconceito e à intenção para discriminar no local de trabalho. Esta conclusão é relevante no sentido em que pode trazer parcimónia e coerência a uma literatura complexa e dispersa. Adicionalmente, a nova escala poder ser usada para estudar o estigma associado ao VHC no local de trabalho.

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          Most cited references19

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          Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

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            Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

            Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.
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              The theory of planned behavior

              Icek Ajzen (1991)
              Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PCH
                Psychol Community Health
                Psychology, Community & Health
                Psychol. Community Health
                PsychOpen
                2182-438X
                11 June 2019
                2019
                : 8
                : 1
                : 1-13
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Management & Organization, Faculty of Management Technology, German University in Cairo , Cairo, Egypt
                [b ]Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, British University in Egypt, El Shrouk, Egypt
                [c ]Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
                [4]Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Aveiro, Portugal
                [5]CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
                Author notes
                [* ]Faculty of Management Technology, Department of Management & Organization, Cairo, Egypt 11835. mohamad.saad@ 123456bue.edu.eg
                Article
                pch.v8i1.207
                10.5964/pch.v8i1.207
                dc32c715-bb7e-4487-b962-1484c72429fe
                Copyright @ 2019

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 24 August 2016
                : 03 April 2018
                Categories
                Empirical Articles

                Psychology
                Vírus da Hepatite C,prejudice,stigma,estigma,discriminação,estereótipo,discrimination,stereotyping,Hepatitis C Virus,preconceito

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