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      Pictorial essay: Computed tomography findings in acute aortic syndromes

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      1 , , 2 , 3
      SA Journal of Radiology
      AOSIS

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          Abstract

          Acute aortic emergencies are life-threatening conditions that may require urgent surgical or interventional management. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and planning of the management, and timely intervention helps in reducing mortality and morbidity.

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          Most cited references18

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          Management of acute aortic syndromes.

          Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a modern term to describe interrelated emergency aortic conditions with similar clinical characteristics and challenges. These conditions include aortic dissection, intramural haematoma (IMH), and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU and aortic rupture); trauma to the aorta with intimal laceration may also be considered. The common denominator of AAS is disruption of the media layer of the aorta with bleeding within IMH, along the aortic media resulting in separation of the layers of the aorta (dissection), or transmurally through the wall in the case of ruptured PAU or trauma. Population-based studies suggest that the incidence of acute dissection ranges from 2 to 3.5 cases per 100 000 person-years; hypertension and a variety of genetic disorders with altered connective tissues are the most prevalent risk conditions. Patients with AAS often present in a similar fashion, regardless of the underlying condition of dissection, IMH, PAU, or contained aortic rupture. Pain is the most commonly presenting symptom of acute aortic dissection and should prompt immediate attention including diagnostic imaging modalities (such as multislice computed tomography, transoesophageal ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging). Prognosis is clearly related to undelayed diagnosis and appropriate surgical repair in the case of proximal involvement of the aorta; affection of distal segments of the aorta may call for individualized therapeutic approaches favouring endovascular in the presence of malperfusion or imminent rupture, or medical management.
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            Acute aortic syndrome.

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              Emerging Concepts in Intramural Hematoma Imaging

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                SA J Radiol
                SA J Radiol
                SAJR
                SA Journal of Radiology
                AOSIS
                1027-202X
                2078-6778
                23 May 2018
                2018
                : 22
                : 1
                : 1309
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiology, Ivy Hospital, Amritsar, India
                [2 ]Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ivy Hospital, Amritsar, India
                [3 ]Department of Cardiology, Ivy Hospital, Amritsar, India
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Navdeep Singh, navdeepshah01@ 123456yahoo.co.in
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-3987
                Article
                SAJR-22-1309
                10.4102/sajr.v22i1.1309
                6837812
                dc38a76f-2ffa-4d6c-a87e-b0912275c868
                © 2018. The Authors

                Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

                History
                : 10 January 2018
                : 12 March 2018
                Categories
                Pictorial Essay

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