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      Efeito da adição do biofeedback ao treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico para tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço Translated title: Effect the adding of biofeedback to the training of the pelvic floor muscles to treatment of stress urinary incontinence

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da adição do biofeedback (BF) ao treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) para o tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). MÉTODOS: Estudo piloto prospectivo, randomizado e controlado, com mulheres com IUE sem deficiência esfincteriana detectada ao estudo urodinâmico e que realizavam a correta contração dos MAP. Foram excluídas mulheres com doenças neuromusculares e com prolapso genital graus III e IV. Foram randomizadas 40 mulheres em Grupo Controle e Grupo BF. O protocolo de TMAP com equipamento de BF foi constituído de três séries de dez contrações lentas (tônicas), com tempo de manutenção de seis a oito segundos em cada contração, seguido de um período de repouso de mesmo valor. Após cada contração sustentada, eram realizadas de três a quatro contrações rápidas (fásicas) em decúbito dorsal e ortostatismo, duas vezes na semana, totalizando 12 sessões. Avaliou-se o efeito da adição do BF ao TMAP na qualidade de vida pelo King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), nos sintomas urinários pelo diário miccional e na função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP) pela palpação digital. A avaliação foi realizada inicialmente e após as 12 sessões de tratamento. O resultado foi descrito em médias e desvios padrão. Para análise de homogeneidade e verificação das diferenças entre os grupos utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney, e para diferenças entre os momentos de observação, o teste de Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Diminuição significativa nos escores dos domínios avaliados pelo KHQ na comparação entre os grupos, exceto para o domínio saúde geral (Grupo BF 32,8±26,9 versus Grupo Controle 48,4±29,5; p<0,13). Em concordância, observou-se melhora da função dos MAP após o tratamento no grupo BF, na power (4,3±0,8; p=0,001), endurance (6,0±2,2; p<0,001) e fast (9,3±1,9; p=0,001). Quando comparados os grupos, o Grupo BF destacou-se positivamente em relação ao power (Grupo BF 4,3±0,8 versus Grupo Controle 2,5±0,9; p<0,001), endurance (Grupo BF 6,0±2,2 versus Grupo Controle 2,7±1,9; p<0,001) e fast (Grupo BF 9,3±1,9 versus Grupo Controle 4,6±3,2; p<0,001). Redução da frequência urinária noturna (1,2±1,2 versus 0,7±0,9; p=0,02) e da perda de urina nos esforços (1,5±1,4 versus 0,6±0,8; p=0,001) foi observada no Grupo BF. CONCLUSÃO: A adição do BF ao TMAP para o tratamento da IUE, aplicado de acordo com o protocolo descrito, contribui para melhora da função dos MAP, redução dos sintomas urinários e melhora da qualidade de vida.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of adding biofeedback (BF) to the training of pelvic floor muscles (PFMT) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: A prospective pilot study, randomized and controlled with women with SUI without sphincter deficiency, detected by urodynamic study and who performed the correct PFM contraction. Women with neuromuscular disorders and grade III and IV genital prolapse were excluded. Forty women were randomized into a Control Group and BF Group. The PFMT protocol with BF equipment consisted of three sets of ten slow contractions (tonic), with a holding time of six to eight seconds at each contraction followed by a rest period of equal duration. After each sustained contraction, they performed three to four fast contractions (phasic) in the supine and standing position twice a week, for a total of 12 sessions. We evaluated the effect of adding BF to PFMT on quality of life using King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) regarding urinary symptoms based on a voiding diary and regarding the function of pelvic floor muscles by digital palpation. The evaluation was performed initially and after 12 treatment sessions. Data are reported as mean and standard deviation. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the analysis of homogeneity and to determine differences between groups, and the Wilcoxon test was used to determine possible differences between the times of observation, with the level of significance set at 0.05. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the scores of the domains assessed by the KHQ was observed in the comparison between groups, except for the general health domain (BF Group: 32.8±26.9 versus Control Group: 48.4±29.5, p<0.13). Accordingly, there was improvement in PFM function after treatment in the BF Group, regarding power (4.3±0.8, p= 0.001), endurance (6.0±2.2, p<0.001) and fast (9.3±1.9, p=0.001). When comparing the groups, the BF Group showed a positive result regarding power (BF Group 4.3±0.8 versus Control Group 2.5±0.9, p<0.001), endurance (6.0±2.2 BF Group versus Control Group 2.7±1.9, p<0.001) and fast (BF Group 9.3±1.9 versus Control Group 4.6 ± 3.2, p<0.001). Reduction of nocturnal urinary frequency (1.2±1.2 versus 0.7±0.9, p=0.02) and of effort urine loss (1.5±1.4 versus 0.6±0.8, p=0.001) was observed in the BF Group. CONCLUSION: The addition of BF to the PFMT for the treatment of SUI, applied according to the protocol described, improved PFM function, reduced urinary symptoms, and improved of the quality of life.

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          Most cited references35

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          An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction.

          Next to existing terminology of the lower urinary tract, due to its increasing complexity, the terminology for pelvic floor dysfunction in women may be better updated by a female-specific approach and clinically based consensus report. This report combines the input of members of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS), assisted at intervals by many external referees. Appropriate core clinical categories and a subclassification were developed to give an alphanumeric coding to each definition. An extensive process of 15 rounds of internal and external review was developed to exhaustively examine each definition, with decision-making by collective opinion (consensus). A terminology report for female pelvic floor dysfunction, encompassing over 250 separate definitions, has been developed. It is clinically based with the six most common diagnoses defined. Clarity and user-friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by practitioners and trainees in all the different specialty groups involved in female pelvic floor dysfunction. Female-specific imaging (ultrasound, radiology, and MRI) has been a major addition while appropriate figures have been included to supplement and help clarify the text. Ongoing review is not only anticipated but will be required to keep the document updated and as widely acceptable as possible. A consensus-based terminology report for female pelvic floor dysfunction has been produced aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and a stimulus for research.
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            Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence Recommendations of the International Scientific Committee: Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence.

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              A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag.

              The aim was to assess the prevalence of any urinary leakage in an unselected female population in Norway, and to estimate the prevalence of significant incontinence. The EPINCONT Study is part of a large survey (HUNT 2) performed in a county in Norway during 1995-97. Everyone aged 20 years or more was invited. 27,936 (80%) of 34,755 community-dwelling women answered a questionnaire. A validated severity index was used to assess severity. Twenty-five percent of the participating women had urinary leakage. Nearly 7% had significant incontinence, defined as moderate or severe incontinence that was experienced as bothersome. The prevalence of incontinence increased with increasing age. Half of the incontinence was of stress type, 11% had urge and 36% mixed incontinence. Urinary leakage is highly prevalent. Seven percent have significant incontinence and should be regarded as potential patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbgo
                Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
                Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.
                Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-7203
                1806-9339
                November 2012
                : 34
                : 11
                : 505-510
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Ginecologia Brasil
                Article
                S0100-72032012001100005 S0100-7203(12)03401105
                dc4dbded-ee1e-410f-90d0-2af8f1a9e9b2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 July 2012
                : 12 September 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Muscle contraction,Exercise therapy,Diafragma da pelve,Incontinência urinária por estresse,Retroalimentação fisiológica,Contração muscular,Terapia por exercícios,Pelvic floor,Urinary incontinence, stress,Feedback, physiological

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