The authors report on a case of cylindroma of the cervix combined with a carcinoma in situ. Reviewing the literature which helped them, they studied the anatomo-pathological characteristics as well as the histogenesis and the therapy for cylindromas, which are more often found in other parts of the body. In particular, they are found in the salivary glands. There the origin is still uncertain and the evolution from the same stage is worse than in epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix.