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      Morphometry of the mandibular foramen applied to local anesthesia in hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus) Translated title: Morfometria do forame mandibular aplicada à anestesia local em raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus)

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: Great part of the veterinary care in wild carnivores is intended to treat the dental disorders, and oral cavity disorders may generally affect the animal health as a whole. It is factual that knowing the location of the mandibular foramen is vital for local anesthetic block of the inferior alveolar nerve, however, there is still no data on the morphometry of the hoary fox mandibular foramen. The aim was describing morphometry of the mandibular foramen of this species and associating its position with anatomic reference points in the mandible, thus providing support for more effective local anesthetic block of the inferior alveolar nerve in such species. Four adult jaws of Lycalopex vetulus were used. Radiography and biometrics of the hemimandibulas were performed. The rostral third of the jaw body in a lateral view presented three mental foramens, being a rostral, a medium and a caudal. Each hemimandibula presented I3/C1/PM4/M3. The angle of the mandible was marked by the masseteric fossa, the angular incisure, the angular process and the mandibular foramen, and this last one located perpendicularly to the dorsal edge of the angular incisures in medial view. In this view, the crevice to the milohyoid nerve, projected in the caudodorso rostral direction, was also evidenced. The ramus of the mandible was characterized by the presence of the condylar and coronoid processes, and by the dorsal and ventral mandibular incisions. Statistical analyzes did not present significant differences between the antimeres of the studied animals, and the penetration of the needle perpendicularly to the dorsal end of the angular incision on average 8.79mm, overlapped to the medial face of the angle of the mandible could be indicated. Alternatively, the access may also be achieved by inserting the needle in an average of 17.69mm perpendicular to the dorsal end of the angular process, in contact with the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible, and in caudo-rostral projection, also allowing a better anesthetic blockade of the inferior alveolar nerve in L. vetulus. It can also be concluded that the masseteric fossa, the dorsal and ventral mandibular angles, the crevice to the milohyoid nerve, the ramus of the mandible and the mandibular foramen presented differences in their topographic descriptions when compared to the other canids.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: A maior parte dos atendimentos veterinários em carnívoros silvestres destina-se ao tratamento das afecções dentárias, sendo que doenças de cavidade oral podem afetar a saúde do animal como um todo. É factível que o conhecimento da localização do forame mandibular é essencial para o bloqueio anestésico local do nervo alveolar inferior, entretanto, ainda são inexistentes dados sobre a morfometria do forame mandibular de raposa-do-campo. Objetivou-se descrever a morfometria do forame mandibular desta espécie, e correlacionar sua posição com pontos de referência anatômica na mandíbula, oferecendo subsídio para um bloqueio anestésico local mais efetivo do nervo alveolar inferior nesta espécie. Foram utilizadas quatro mandíbulas de cadáveres adultos de Lycalopex vetulus. Realizou-se a radiografia e as biometrias das hemimandíbulas. O terço rostral do corpo da mandíbula em uma vista lateral apresentou três forames mentuais, sendo um rostral, um médio e um caudal. Cada hemimandíbula apresentou I3/C1/PM4/M3. O ângulo da mandíbula foi marcado pela fossa massetérica, pela incisura angular, pelo processo angular e pelo forame mandibular, e este último localizado perpendicularmente ao extremo dorsal da incisura angular em vista medial. Nesta vista, também se evidenciou o sulco para o nervo milohióideo, projetado em sentido caudodorsorostral. O ramo da mandíbula foi caracterizado pela presença dos processos condilar e coronóide, e pelas incisuras mandibulares dorsal e ventral. As análises estatísticas não apresentaram diferenças significantes entre os antímeros dos animais estudados, podendo-se indicar a penetração da agulha perpendicularmente ao extremo dorsal da incisura angular em média 8,79mm, justaposto à face medial do ângulo da mandíbula. Alternativamente, o acesso também poderá ser realizado introduzindo a agulha em média 17,69mm de forma perpendicular ao extremo dorsal do processo angular, em contato com a face medial do ângulo da mandíbula, e em projeção caudorostral, permitindo também um melhor bloqueio anestésico do nervo alveolar inferior na L. vetulus. Também se pode concluir que a fossa massetérica, as incisuras angular, mandibulares dorsal e ventral, o sulco para o nervo milohióideo, o ramo da mandíbula e o forame mandibular apresentaram diferenças em suas descrições topográficas quando comparados aos demais canídeos.

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          Most cited references28

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          DIET, HABITAT USE, AND HOME RANGES OF SYMPATRIC CANIDS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL

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            A study of the position of the mandibular foramen in the adult human mandible.

            Eighty dry, adult human mandibles of East Indian ethnic origin and bilateral eruption of third molar teeth were examined to measure the location of the mandibular foramen. The position of the foramen was found to be variable. However, the foramen was predominantly located at the anteroposterior midpoint of the ramus halfway between the mandibular notch and the lower surface of the mandible and two thirds of the way down a line joining the coronoid process to the angle of the mandible. In the majority of the mandibles studied the foramen was located below the occlusal surfaces of the molar teeth. It is concluded that the marked variability in the position of the mandibular foramen may be responsible for an occasional failure to block the inferior alveolar nerve.
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              Lycalopex vetulus (Carnivora: Canidae)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pvb
                Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
                Pesq. Vet. Bras.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-736X
                1678-5150
                May 2019
                : 39
                : 4
                : 278-285
                Affiliations
                [3] Uberlândia MG orgnameFundação Presidente Antônio Carlos Brazil jefersonbbarcelos@ 123456hotmail.com
                [4] Catalão Goiás orgnameUniversidade Federal de Goiás orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Laboratório de Anatomia Brazil zenon_silva@ 123456ufg.br
                [2] Patos de Minas Minas Gerais orgnameCentro Universitário de Patos de Minas orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária orgdiv2Laboratório de Anatomia Animal Brazil fabianobrazromao@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0100-736X2019000400278
                10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5749
                dc8a78c2-6ac2-44c7-951b-738a043ac68b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 October 2018
                : 05 November 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Wildlife Medicine

                Morfometria,Morphometry,anesthesia,mandibular foramen,hoary fox,Lycalopex vetulus,jaw,morphology,anestesia,forame mandibular,raposa-do-campo,mandíbula,morfologia

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