Lifestyle Medicine Education

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Abstract

The actual causes of premature adult deaths, the preponderance of noncommunicable chronic diseases, and their associated costs are related to unhealthy behaviors, such as poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and tobacco use. Although recommended as the first line of prevention and management, providers often do not provide behavioral change counseling in their care. Medical education in lifestyle medicine is, therefore, proposed as a necessary intervention to allow all health providers to learn how to effectively and efficiently counsel their patients toward adopting and sustaining healthier behaviors. Lifestyle medicine curricula, including exercise, nutrition, behavioral change, and self-care, have recently evolved in all levels of medical education, together with implementation initiatives like Exercise is Medicine and the Lifestyle Medicine Education (LMEd) Collaborative. The goal of this review is to summarize the existing literature and to provide knowledge and tools to deans, administrators, faculty members, and students interested in pursuing lifestyle medicine training or establishing and improving an LMEd program within their institution.

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Most cited references 37

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The Exercise is Medicine Global Health Initiative: a 2014 update.

Felipe Lobelo, Mark Stoutenberg, Adrian Hutber (2014)

A third of the world's population does not engage in recommended levels of physical activity (PA), leading to substantial health and economic burdens. The healthcare sector offers a variety of resources that can help counsel, refer and deliver PA promotion programmes for purposes of primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Substantial evidence already exists in support of multipronged PA counselling, prescription and referral strategies, in particular those linking healthcare and community-based resources.

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Nutrition education in U.S. medical schools: latest update of a national survey.

Kelly Adams, Martin Kohlmeier, Steven H. Zeisel (2010)

To quantify the number of required hours of nutrition education at U.S. medical schools and the types of courses in which the instruction was offered, and to compare these results with results from previous surveys. The authors distributed to all 127 accredited U.S. medical schools (that were matriculating students at the time of this study) a two-page online survey devised by the Nutrition in Medicine Project at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. From August 2008 through July 2009, the authors asked their contacts, most of whom were nutrition educators, to report the nutrition contact hours that were required for their medical students and whether those actual hours of nutrition education occurred in a designated nutrition course, within another course, or during clinical rotations. Respondents from 109 (86%) of the targeted medical schools completed some part of the survey. Most schools (103/109) required some form of nutrition education. Of the 105 schools answering questions about courses and contact hours, only 26 (25%) required a dedicated nutrition course; in 2004, 32 (30%) of 106 schools did. Overall, medical students received 19.6 contact hours of nutrition instruction during their medical school careers (range: 0-70 hours); the average in 2004 was 22.3 hours. Only 28 (27%) of the 105 schools met the minimum 25 required hours set by the National Academy of Sciences; in 2004, 40 (38%) of 104 schools did so. The amount of nutrition education that medical students receive continues to be inadequate.

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Physician disclosure of healthy personal behaviors improves credibility and ability to motivate.

E. Frank (2000)

While some studies have shown that physicians with healthy personal habits are especially likely to discuss prevention with their patients, to our knowledge no one has published information testing whether physician credibility and patient motivation to adopt healthier habits are enhanced by physician's disclosures of their own healthy behaviors. Two brief health education videos about improving diet and exercise were produced and shown to subjects (n1 = 66, n2 = 65) in an Emory University general medical clinic waiting room in Atlanta, Ga. In one video, the physician revealed an additional half minute of information about her personal healthy dietary and exercise practices and had a bike helmet and an apple visible on her desk (physician-disclosure video). In the other video, discussion of personal practices and the apple and bike helmet were not included (control video). Viewers of the physician-disclosure video considered the physician to be generally healthier, some-what more believable, and more motivating than did viewers of the control video. They also rated this physician to be specifically more believable and motivating regarding exercise and diet (P < or = .001). Physicians' abilities to motivate patients to adopt healthy habits can be enhanced by conveying their own healthy habits. Educational institutions should consider encouraging health professionals-in-training to practice and demonstrate healthy personal lifestyles.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Am J Lifestyle Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Am J Lifestyle Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): AJL

Journal ID (hwp): spajl

Title: American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )

ISSN (Print): 1559-8276

ISSN (Electronic): 1559-8284

Publication date (Print and electronic): September 2015

Publication date (Print): September 2015

Volume: 9

Issue: 5

Pages: 361-367

Affiliations

[1-1559827615580307]Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts (RP, RMP, EMP)

Author notes

[*]Rani Polak, MD, MBA, Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Suite 344, Boston, MA 02215; e-mail: Rani.polak@ 123456joslin.harvard.edu .

Article

Publisher ID: 10.1177_1559827615580307

DOI: 10.1177/1559827615580307

PMC ID: 4561845

PubMed ID: 26413038

SO-VID: dd2a82e1-1e26-4f08-85ad-89a9ce517da7

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This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm).

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Keywords: lifestyle medicine,medical education,curriculum,lifestyle medicine education collaborative,lmed

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Keywords: lifestyle medicine, medical education, curriculum, lifestyle medicine education collaborative, lmed

Lifestyle Medicine Education

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Journal of Medical Education Research

Most cited references 37

The Exercise is Medicine Global Health Initiative: a 2014 update.

Nutrition education in U.S. medical schools: latest update of a national survey.

Physician disclosure of healthy personal behaviors improves credibility and ability to motivate.

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