Ecotourism Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists: An Integrative Framework

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Abstract

This study aims to examine an ecotourism behavioral model using environmental attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived ecotourism usefulness, biospheric value, ecotourism self-identity, ecotourism behavioral intention, and ecotourism behavior among nature-based tourists. The analysis tested ten hypotheses and integrated the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model, value-belief-norm theory, and social identity theory to provide an integrated ecotourism behavioral model for four important Taiwanese nature-based tourism destinations. This integrated framework provides an approach to creating critical insights for nature-based tourism researchers and managers to accurately grasp the factors that influence ecotourism behavior. Managers of nature-based tourism destinations should offer ecotourism programs that focus on ecotourism experiences that increase ecotourism behavioral intentions by increasing levels of perceived ecotourism usefulness, biospheric value, ecotourism self-identity, environmental attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, thereby enhancing ecotourism behavior at nature-based tourism destinations and assisting in the development of sustainable tourism.

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Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

Philip M Podsakoff, Scott MacKenzie, Jeong-Yeon Lee … (2003)

Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.