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      The geothermal potential of urban heat islands

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      Environmental Research Letters
      IOP Publishing

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          A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island

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            Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities

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              Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures

              For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Environmental Research Letters
                Environ. Res. Lett.
                IOP Publishing
                1748-9326
                October 01 2010
                October 01 2010
                : 5
                : 4
                : 044002
                Article
                10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044002
                dd382681-bbf5-4f13-aa3d-f2844ba87e30
                © 2010
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