Synthesis and Characterization of Silicone Contact Lenses Based on TRIS-DMA-NVP-HEMA Hydrogels

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Abstract

In this study, silicone-based hydrogel contact lenses were prepared by the polymerization of 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (TRIS), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP), and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA). The properties of silicone hydrogel lenses were analyzed based on the methods such as equilibrium water content, oxygen permeability, optical transparency, contact angle, mechanical test, protein adsorption, and cell toxicity. The results showed that the TRIS content in all formulations increased the oxygen permeability and decreased the equilibrium water content, while both DMA and NVP contributed the hydrophilicity of the hydrogels. The maximum value of oxygen permeability was 74.9 barrers, corresponding to an equilibrium water content of 44.5% as well as a contact angle of 82°. Moreover, L929 fibroblasts grew on all these hydrogels, suggesting non-cytotoxicity. In general, the silicone hydrogels in this work exhibited good oxygen permeability, stiffness, and optical transparency as well as anti-protein adsorption. Hence, these silicone hydrogel polymers would be feasible for making contact lens.

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Investigation of the human tear film proteome using multiple proteomic approaches

Kari Green-Church, Kelly Nichols, Nan Kleinholz … (2008)

Purpose The purpose of this work was to examine the tear film proteome using a combination of one-dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry-based techniques and to explore the effect of the tear collection methods on the tear proteome. Methods Tear samples from eight normal non-contact lens wearing human subjects collected by Drummond glass microcapillary and Schirmer strips were subjected to 1D-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), 2D-SDS–PAGE, and 2D LC-MS/MS (Multidimensional protein identification technology - MudPIT). Bands or cores from the 1D- and 2D-SDS–PAGE were cut, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry for identification by the generation of sequence tags. Results In total (across sampling and proteomic methods), 97 unique proteins were observed, and a significant number of the spots/bands in the PAGE were from posttranslational modifications. Fifty-four unique proteins were identified from proteins extracted from the Schirmer strips in comparison to 13 unique proteins identified from capillary tubes, and 30 unique proteins were identified by both collection methods. Secreted (serum) proteins were predominantly observed from tears collected by capillary whereas a combination of cellular and serum proteins were identified from tear film collected by Schirmer strips. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that the tear film collection and the proteomic method impacts the proteins present in the tear film and that care should be exercised in choosing a tear collection method to best correlate to the experiment being conducted or the hypothesis that is being tested.

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Molecular packing of lysozyme, fibrinogen, and bovine serum albumin on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces studied by infrared-visible sum frequency generation and fluorescence microscopy.

Joonyeong Kim, Gabor A Somorjai (2003)

Infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, in combination with fluorescence microscopy, was employed to investigate the surface structure of lysozyme, fibrinogen, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed on hydrophilic silica and hydrophobic polystyrene as a function of protein concentration. Fluorescence microscopy shows that the relative amounts of protein adsorbed on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces increase in proportion with the concentration of protein solutions. For a given bulk protein concentration, a larger amount of protein is adsorbed on hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces compared to hydrophilic silica surfaces. While lysozyme molecules adsorbed on silica surfaces yield relatively similar SFG spectra, regardless of the surface concentration, SFG spectra of fibrinogen and BSA adsorbed on silica surfaces exhibit concentration-dependent signal intensities and peak shapes. Quantitative SFG data analysis reveals that methyl groups in lysozyme adsorbed on hydrophilic surfaces show a concentration-independent orientation. However, methyl groups in BSA and fibrinogen become less tilted with respect to the surface normal with increasing protein concentration at the surface. On hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces, all proteins yield similar SFG spectra, which are different from those on hydrophilic surfaces. Although more protein molecules are present on hydrophobic surfaces, lower SFG signal intensity is observed, indicating that methyl groups in adsorbed proteins are more randomly oriented as compared to those on hydrophilic surfaces. SFG data also shows that the orientation and ordering of phenyl rings in the polystyrene surface is affected by protein adsorption, depending on the amount and type of proteins.

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Tensile properties of soft contact lens materials.

Ioannis Tranoudis, Nathan Efron (2004)

The strength of contact lens materials is an important consideration with respect to resistance to damage during lens handling and long term durability, and may govern some aspects of in-eye lens performance. The tensile properties of hydrogel contact lenses manufactured from eight different materials were examined in a series of clinical and laboratory experiments using the Instron 1122 Universal Testing Instrument. Lenses from the following eight materials (and nominal water contents) were used: HEMA/VP 40%, HEMA/VP 55%, HEMA/VP 70%, VP/MMA 55%, VP/MMA 70%, HEMA 40%, HEMA/MAA 55% and HEMA/MAA 70% (HEMA: 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate, VP: vinyl pyrrolidone, MMA: methyl methacrylate, MAA: methacrylic acid). Tensile strength, elongation-at-break and Young's modulus were measured. A technique was devised that enables three parallel-sided specimens of identical width to be cut from a single contact lens with good accuracy. It was found that materials made from HEMA/MAA--although having a very low tensile strength and elongation-at-break--exhibit only a moderate Young's modulus. Materials made from HEMA/VP exhibit high-to-moderate tensile strength, high elongation-at-break and moderate-to-low Young's modulus. Materials made from VP/MMA exhibit high tensile strength and high-to-moderate elongation-at-break, but the Young's modulus is high for the 55% water content and low for the 70% water content materials. The HEMA 40% material exhibits a moderate tensile strength, a low elongation-at-break and a high Young's modulus. This experiment highlights the necessity of developing an accepted standard test methodology for contact lens material stiffness evaluation, in order to derive useful comparative information. Six subjects were fitted with the same lenses for one day. In vitro measurements of total diameter and back optic zone radius were taken at 35 degrees C before lens fitting and after 6h of lens wear. Lens water content, the relative change in lens total diameter (%deltaTD) and relative change in lens back optic zone radius (%deltaBOZR) were calculated and correlated with the tensile properties of the eight hydrogel lens materials. It is concluded that hydrogel materials with high stiffness and strength display less tendency to change their geometric parameters and materials with a high water content do not necessarily have the weakest mechanical properties.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Polymers (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Polymers (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): polymers

Title: Polymers

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2073-4360

Publication date (Electronic): 31 May 2019

Publication date Collection: June 2019

Volume: 11

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 944

Affiliations

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; thaonguyeng89@ 123456gmail.com

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[* ]Correspondence: myang@ 123456mail.ntust.edu.tw

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Ming-Chien Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-3476

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Publisher ID: polymers-11-00944

DOI: 10.3390/polym11060944

PMC ID: 6630243

PubMed ID: 31159172

SO-VID: dd4df413-5923-4e4a-aeaf-2958ebe48573

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Synthesis and Characterization of Silicone Contact Lenses Based on TRIS-DMA-NVP-HEMA Hydrogels

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Most cited references 38

Investigation of the human tear film proteome using multiple proteomic approaches

Molecular packing of lysozyme, fibrinogen, and bovine serum albumin on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces studied by infrared-visible sum frequency generation and fluorescence microscopy.

Tensile properties of soft contact lens materials.

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