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      Tromboflebitis séptica de la vena porta (pileflebitis): diagnóstico y manejo a propósito de tres casos Translated title: Septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein (pylephlebitis): diagnosis and management of three cases

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          Abstract

          Fundamento. La pileflebitis es la tromboflebitis séptica de la vena porta y/o de sus ramas, de manera aguda y generalmente como complicación de procesos inflamatorios intraabdominales o de intervenciones quirúrgicas en pacientes con discrasias sanguíneas. Siendo la clínica bastante inespecífica, los hallazgos radiológicos aunque no patognomónicos, son de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico precoz y un mejor pronóstico vital de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la patogenia de esta entidad y sus modos de presentación clínica y radiológica, que permitan cierto grado de sospecha precoz. Casos clínicos. Se presentan tres casos de pileflebitis, dos de ellos postquirúrgicos, en los que los únicos datos clínicos comunes de sospecha fueron la febrícula y la leucocitosis. El diagnóstico se consiguió a partir de los hallazgos de la tomografía computarizada helicoidal con contraste i.v. _Somaton Siemens_ y de la ecografía abdominal _Ellegra Siemens_ realizados en los tres. El resultado de estas pruebas resultó decisivo para el diagnóstico precoz, el tratamiento eficaz y la evolución satisfactoria en los tres casos. Discusión. Queremos enfatizar la importancia de una sospecha clínica y radiológica precoz para el diagnóstico temprano de esta entidad, que permita la instauración de un tratamiento dirigido y eficaz.

          Translated abstract

          Background. Pylephlebitis is thrombophlebitis of the portal vein and/or of its branches; it is acute and generally arises as a complication of inflammatory intra-abdominal processes or of surgical interventions in patients with blood discrasies. As its clinical picture is fairly non-specific, radiological findings, while not pathognomonic, are of great use in early diagnosis and improved vital prognosis of these patients. The aims of this study are to review the pathophysiology of this entity and its clinical and radiological presentation, which allow for early clinical suspicion. Clinical cases. Three cases of pylephlebitis are presented, two of them post-surgical, in which the only common clinical data for suspicion were the febricula and leucocytosis. Diagnosis was obtained from the finding of helicoidal computer tomography with IV contrast - Somaton Siemens - and abdominal echography - Ellegra Siemens - carried out on the three. The result of these tests was decisive for an early diagnosis, efficient treatment and satisfactory evolution in the three cases. Discussion. We wish to emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion and early radiology for an early diagnosis of this entity, which make it possible to establish an efficient treatment.

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          Most cited references17

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          Septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein (pylephlebitis): diagnosis and management in the modern era.

          Pylephlebitis usually occurs secondary to infection in the region drained by the portal venous system. We describe a case of pylephlebitis at our institution and examine 18 other cases culled from the literature since 1979, reviewing diagnostic and management issues. A precipitating focus of infection (most commonly diverticulitis) was identified in 13 (68%) of the cases. Bacteremia (often polymicrobial) was present in 88% of the patients. The most common blood isolate was Bacteroides fragilis. Overall mortality was 32%, but most of the patients who died had severe sepsis prior to the initiation of antibiotic therapy. In no case was improvement in a patient's clinical status clearly attributable to the use of heparin, but some beneficial effect of anticoagulation could not be ruled out. This report is the first to examine the published experience with pylephlebitis during the era of antibiotics and modern imaging and is also the first to review critically the role of anticoagulation in the management of this disease.
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            The role of anticoagulation in pylephlebitis.

            Pylephlebitis may complicate any intra-abdominal infection and carries a high mortality rate. Acute cases are usually anticoagulated to prevent thrombus extension and enteric ischemia; however, the role of anticoagulation has not been clearly defined. Over a 3-year period, pylephlebitis was diagnosed in 44 patients with portal vein thrombosis on computed tomography scan with fever, leukocytosis, and/or positive blood cultures. The charts were reviewed for etiology, extent of venous thrombosis, and method and results of treatment. Eighteen patients were hypercoagulable, due to clotting factor deficiencies (6), malignancy (8), or AIDS (4). Fifteen patients had mesenteric vein involvement. Thirty-two patients were not anticoagulated, and 5 died (3 with hypercoagulable states and 2 with normal clotting function). Twelve patients were anticoagulated, and none developed subsequent bowel infarction or died. Patients with pylephlebitis and a hypercoagulable state due to neoplasms or clotting factor deficiencies should be anticoagulated. Patients with normal clotting function and mesenteric vein involvement may also benefit. We believe anticoagulation in patients with thrombus isolated to the portal vein and normal clotting function may be unnecessary.
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              Septic Thrombophlebitis of the Mesenteric and Portal Veins: CT Imaging

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                December 2005
                : 28
                : 3
                : 417-420
                Affiliations
                [01] Pamplona orgnameHospital Virgen del Camino orgdiv1Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico
                Article
                S1137-66272005000500014
                10.4321/s1137-66272005000500014
                dd651093-7218-4e10-8f56-6fd3273a5449

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 4
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                SciELO Spain


                Tromboflebitis séptica,Vena porta,Tomografía computarizada,Ecografía,Echography,Pylephlebitis,Septic thrombophlebitis,Portal vein,Computerized tomography,Pileflebitis

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