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      Recent Trends of Foaming in Polymer Processing: A Review

      review-article
      1 , 1 , 2 , * , 3 , *
      Polymers
      MDPI
      polymer, foam, foaming process, blowing agent, foaming method

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          Abstract

          Polymer foams have low density, good heat insulation, good sound insulation effects, high specific strength, and high corrosion resistance, and are widely used in civil and industrial applications. In this paper, the classification of polymer foams, principles of the foaming process, types of blowing agents, and raw materials of polymer foams are reviewed. The research progress of various foaming methods and the current problems and possible solutions are discussed in detail.

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          Synthesis of a novel phosphazene-based flame retardant with active amine groups and its application in reducing the fire hazard of Epoxy Resin

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            Flexible, conductive, and highly pressure-sensitive graphene-polyimide foam for pressure sensor application

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              Thermoplastic Processing of PLA/Cellulose Nanomaterials Composites

              Over the past decades, research has escalated on the use of polylactic acid (PLA) as a replacement for petroleum-based polymers. This is due to its valuable properties, such as renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility and good thermomechanical properties. Despite possessing good mechanical properties comparable to conventional petroleum-based polymers, PLA suffers from some shortcomings such as low thermal resistance, heat distortion temperature and rate of crystallization, thus different fillers have been used to overcome these limitations. In the framework of environmentally friendly processes and products, there has been growing interest on the use of cellulose nanomaterials viz. cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibers (CNF) as natural fillers for PLA towards advanced applications other than short-term packaging and biomedical. Cellulosic nanomaterials are renewable in nature, biodegradable, eco-friendly and they possess high strength and stiffness. In the case of eco-friendly processes, various conventional processing techniques, such as melt extrusion, melt-spinning, and compression molding, have been used to produce PLA composites. This review addresses the critical factors in the manufacturing of PLA-cellulosic nanomaterials by using conventional techniques and recent advances needed to promote and improve the dispersion of the cellulosic nanomaterials. Different aspects, including morphology, mechanical behavior and thermal properties, as well as comparisons of CNC- and CNF-reinforced PLA, are also discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Polymers (Basel)
                Polymers (Basel)
                polymers
                Polymers
                MDPI
                2073-4360
                01 June 2019
                June 2019
                : 11
                : 6
                : 953
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Polymer Materials, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China; jinfanlong@ 123456163.com (F.-L.J.); namezhaomiao@ 123456sina.com (M.Z.)
                [2 ]Department of Organic Materials & Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
                [3 ]Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
                Author notes
                Article
                polymers-11-00953
                10.3390/polym11060953
                6631771
                31159423
                dd6ca16b-65ec-4c00-b802-3c81cdddc1b5
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 30 April 2019
                : 23 May 2019
                Categories
                Review

                polymer,foam,foaming process,blowing agent,foaming method
                polymer, foam, foaming process, blowing agent, foaming method

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