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      Enhanced Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts on Electrospun Blend Fiber Mats of Polydioxanone and Anionic Sulfated Polysaccharides

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          Abstract

          The viability and differentiation of SaOS-2 preosteoblasts on fiber mats of blends comprising of the biodegradable poly(ester-ether) polydioxanone (PDX) and the sulfate-containing anionic polysaccharides kappa-carrageenan (KCG) and fucoidan (FUC) were investigated for a range of different blend compositions. The detailed analysis of the blend nanofiber properties revealed a different degree of miscibility of PDX and the polysaccharide leading to a different enrichment at the surface of the blend nanofibers, which were observed to be stable in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for up to 5 weeks. The fibrous mats of PDX/FUC led to the highest osteogenic differentiation with very good cell viability. The electrospun blend fibers also supported human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and iPS cell-derived embryoid bodies with high cell viability, which underlines the potential of these novel blend fiber systems for optimized performance in bone tissue engineering applications.

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          Electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers for tissue engineering applications: a review.

          Interest in electrospinning has recently escalated due to the ability to produce materials with nanoscale properties. Electrospun fibers have been investigated as promising tissue engineering scaffolds since they mimic the nanoscale properties of native extracellular matrix. In this review, we examine electrospinning by providing a brief description of the theory behind the process, examining the effect of changing the process parameters on fiber morphology, and discussing the potential applications and impacts of electrospinning on the field of tissue engineering.
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            Electrospun nanofibrous structure: A novel scaffold for tissue engineering

            The architecture of an engineered tissue substitute plays an important role in modulating tissue growth. A novel poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) structure with a unique architecture produced by an electrospinning process has been developed for tissue-engineering applications. Electrospinning is a process whereby ultra-fine fibers are formed in a high-voltage electrostatic field. The electrospun structure, composed of PLGA fibers ranging from 500 to 800 nm in diameter, features a morphologic similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural tissue, which is characterized by a wide range of pore diameter distribution, high porosity, and effective mechanical properties. Such a structure meets the essential design criteria of an ideal engineered scaffold. The favorable cell-matrix interaction within the cellular construct supports the active biocompatibility of the structure. The electrospun nanofibrous structure is capable of supporting cell attachment and proliferation. Cells seeded on this structure tend to maintain phenotypic shape and guided growth according to nanofiber orientation. This novel biodegradable scaffold has potential applications for tissue engineering based upon its unique architecture, which acts to support and guide cell growth. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 613-621, 2002
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              Bone Regeneration Based on Tissue Engineering Conceptions — A 21st Century Perspective

              The role of Bone Tissue Engineering in the field of Regenerative Medicine has been the topic of substantial research over the past two decades. Technological advances have improved orthopaedic implants and surgical techniques for bone reconstruction. However, improvements in surgical techniques to reconstruct bone have been limited by the paucity of autologous materials available and donor site morbidity. Recent advances in the development of biomaterials have provided attractive alternatives to bone grafting expanding the surgical options for restoring the form and function of injured bone. Specifically, novel bioactive (second generation) biomaterials have been developed that are characterised by controlled action and reaction to the host tissue environment, whilst exhibiting controlled chemical breakdown and resorption with an ultimate replacement by regenerating tissue. Future generations of biomaterials (third generation) are designed to be not only osteoconductive but also osteoinductive, i.e. to stimulate regeneration of host tissues by combining tissue engineering and in situ tissue regeneration methods with a focus on novel applications. These techniques will lead to novel possibilities for tissue regeneration and repair. At present, tissue engineered constructs that may find future use as bone grafts for complex skeletal defects, whether from post-traumatic, degenerative, neoplastic or congenital/developmental “origin” require osseous reconstruction to ensure structural and functional integrity. Engineering functional bone using combinations of cells, scaffolds and bioactive factors is a promising strategy and a particular feature for future development in the area of hybrid materials which are able to exhibit suitable biomimetic and mechanical properties. This review will discuss the state of the art in this field and what we can expect from future generations of bone regeneration concepts.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Biomater Sci Eng
                ACS Biomater Sci Eng
                ab
                abseba
                ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
                American Chemical Society
                2373-9878
                12 October 2017
                11 December 2017
                : 3
                : 12
                : 3447-3458
                Affiliations
                []Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
                []Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius , Réduit 80837, Mauritius
                [§ ]Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
                Author notes
                Article
                10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00350
                5739512
                dd762a94-61aa-4150-82db-40c0ce6e9264
                Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

                This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

                History
                : 03 June 2017
                : 12 October 2017
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                Custom metadata
                ab7b00350
                ab-2017-00350y

                anionic polysaccharides,electrospun fibers,cell viability,osteogenic differentiation,ips cell-derived embryoid bodies

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