Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The disease accounted for 7.4 million deaths (or around 13% of all deaths worldwide) in 2005. A sharp increase in new cases to 15 million is predicted to occur by 2020. Recently, the National Cancer Intelligence Network showed that men have 40% more risk of death related to cancer, and in Brazil, it is estimated by the National Cancer Institute that there were 466,730 new cases of cancer in 2009, 231,860 of which occurred in men. However, there is little literature describing how Brazilian men experience cancer treatment related to their sense of personal masculinity.