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      Duração da suplementação de ractopamina em dietas para leitoas em terminação mantidas sob alta temperatura ambiente Translated title: Duration of ractopamine supplementation in diets for finishing gilts maintained under high temperature environment

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          Abstract

          Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a duração da suplementação de ractopamina na dieta de leitoas em terminação, mantidas sob alta temperatura ambiente. Foram utilizadas 48 leitoas com peso inicial de 70,4±2,6kg, distribuídas no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (suplementação de ractopamina por 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias pré-abate) e quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por dois animais. O peso final e o consumo de ração diário não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos. O ganho de peso aumentou e a conversão alimentar reduziu linearmente (P<0,05) com o aumento do tempo de suplementação de ractopamina na dieta. As características quantitativas de carcaça (peso e rendimento de carcaça quente, espessura de toucinho, percentual de carne magra, profundidade de músculo e área de olho-de-lombo) não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pela duração da suplementação de ractopamina na dieta. O peso dos pulmões, coração, fígado, rins e baço também não foi modificado (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos. Concluiu-se que a inclusão de 20ppm de ractopamina na dieta de leitoas em terminação, mantidas sob alta temperatura ambiente, durante 28 dias, maximiza a resposta de ganho de peso diário e, durante 35 dias, maximiza a resposta para conversão alimentar. Contudo, a inclusão do aditivo não altera as características quantitativas de carcaça e não afeta o desenvolvimento das vísceras.

          Translated abstract

          The study was conducted to evaluate the duration of the supplementation of ractopamine in the diet of finishing gilts maintained under high temperature environment. Forty eight females, with initial weight of 70.4±2.6kg were used. The pigs were distributed in randomized blocks design of six treatments (supplementation of ractopamine for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days pre-slaughter) and four replications, each experimental unit consisted of two animals. The final weight and daily feed intake were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. The weight gain increased and the feed conversion decreased linearly (P<0.05) according to the increased length of supplementation of ractopamine in the diet. The quantitative characteristics of carcass (weight and hot carcass yield, backfat thickness, percentage of lean meat, depth of muscle and loin eye area) was not influenced (P>0.05) by duration of supplementation of ractopamine in the diet. The weights of the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys and spleen were not modified (P>0.05) by treatments. It was concluded that inclusion of 20ppm of ractopamine in the diet of finishing gilts maintained under high temperature environment during 28 days maximizes the response of daily gain and during 35 days maximizes the response to feed conversion. However, the inclusion of the additive does not alter the quantitative characteristics of carcass and does not affect the development of the viscera.

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          The effect of dietary ractopamine concentration and duration of feeding on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs.

          A total of 400 barrows from Dekalb EB and 83 terminal sires mated to 43 and 45 maternal lines were used to evaluate the effects of dietary ractopamine (RAC; Paylean, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) concentrations (0, 5, 10, or 20 ppm; as-fed basis) and feeding durations (6 to 34 d) on growth, efficiency, carcass, and meat quality characteristics of finishing pigs. Barrows were weighed and sorted into five weight blocks, each block consisting of 16 pens (five pigs per pen). Weight blocks were allocated to feeding duration treatments and assigned consecutively by weight from lightest to heaviest to represent 34, 27, 20, 13, and 6 d on test, respectively. The lightest and heaviest blocks averaged 79.8 and 103.8 kg, respectively, at the start of the test. Within a weight block, pens (four per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary concentrations of RAC in a basal diet containing 18.5% CP and 1.13% lysine. The experiment-wide target slaughter weight was 109 kg, and pigs and feeders were weighed weekly. Weight blocks (80 barrows per block) were slaughtered at a commercial packing plant after 6, 13, 20, 27, or 34 d on test. Overall, RAC supplementation improved (P 0.08) from controls for pigs fed 5, 10, and 20 ppm RAC for 27, 34, and 6 d, respectively. During each feeding period, RAC-fed pigs had improved (P 0.11) by 5 and 10 ppm RAC compared with controls during each feeding period. Visual marbling score for the LM was decreased (P < 0.05) when RAC was fed at 10 and 20 ppm compared with 0 ppm RAC when fed for 34 d. Dietary RAC improved growth performance at all feeding durations, whereas carcass composition was improved at longer feeding durations. In addition, 5 and 10 ppm RAC did not affect objective and subjective measures of pork quality.
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            Effect of ractopamine on growth performance, carcass composition, and cutting yields of pigs slaughtered at 107 and 125 kilograms.

            At approximately 68 kg live weight, crossbred barrows and gilts (n = 144) were allocated to be fed to one of two weight end points (107 kg and 125 kg). Pigs from each weight group were treated with Ractopamine (RAC) (0, 10, or 20 ppm; n = 24/ treatment for the last 40 kg of gain. Feed consumption and weight gain were measured. Pigs were slaughtered and carcass measurements made at 24 h postmortem. Carcasses were fabricated into wholesale, trimmed wholesale, and boneless wholesale cuts for cutting yields. Hams were separated into muscle, fat, and bone. The RAC improved growth characteristics and carcass characteristics. Pigs fed RAC had increased (P < .01) average daily gain and improved (P < .01) feed:gain ratio over controls in each weight group. Carcasses from pigs treated with RAC had larger (P < .01) longissimus muscle area and reduced (P < .01) fat at the 10th rib. Cuts from 125-kg pigs were generally heavier than those from 107-kg pigs. The RAC increased (P < .05) the boneless cut weights of both weight groups. Percentage of dissected lean from the hams of RAC-treated pigs was (P < .05) higher than that of controls. Few consistent differences were observed between the 10 and 20 ppm of RAC treatments. Results from this study indicate that RAC had positive effects on the growth characteristics, carcass characteristics, and carcass cutting yields of pigs representative of the broad spectrum of market weights.
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              Efeito da ractopamina e de métodos de formulação de dietas sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos machos castrados em terminação

              Foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de métodos de formulação e da suplementação de ractopamina (RAC) na dieta sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos machos castrados em terminação. Foram utilizados 60 suínos distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 ´ 3, com dois níveis de RAC e três métodos de formulação das dietas. A suplementação de RAC melhorou o peso final, o ganho de peso diário (GPD) e a conversão alimentar (CA) dos animais. A adição de RAC melhorou também as características de carcaça por reduzir a espessura de toucinho no ponto P1 e aumentar a taxa de deposição diária de carne magra. Dietas formuladas com base no conceito de proteína ideal ou pelo aumento do farelo de soja proporcionaram melhores resultados de CA, mas não influenciaram significativamente o consumo diário de ração, o GPD e as características de carcaça. Suínos machos castrados em terminação sob suplementação com RAC durante 21 ou 28 dias apresentaram melhor desempenho e qualidade de carcaça. Dietas formuladas para atender o nível de lisina digestível pela inclusão de L-lisina-HCl com o ajuste dos demais aminoácidos para relação ideal (proteína ideal) ou pela maior inclusão de farelo de soja (aumento do teor de PB) proporcionam melhores resultados de conversão alimentar em suínos machos castrados em terminação sob suplementação com RAC durante 28 dias.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria )
                1678-4596
                February 2011
                : 41
                : 2
                : 337-342
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                [3 ] Seara Alimentos S/A- Nutrição de Suínos Brasil
                Article
                S0103-84782011000200026
                ddea575e-025d-45f6-93e0-e04debdc2772

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-8478&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                additives,carcass characteristics,distribution of energy,performance,aditivos,características de carcaça,desempenho,repartidor de energia

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