Reservas legais: um importante refúgio para os isópodas terrestres em áreas agrícolas

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Abstract

Isópodas terrestres (Crustacea) são macro decompositores de matéria vegetal morta e bioacumuladores de metais. O manejo inadequado do solo tem alterado a dinâmica das populações de isópodas, comprometendo o equilíbrio dos agroecossistemas. Foi investigado o potencial das áreas de mata preservada como refúgio para as populações de isópodas em agroecossistemas. A investigação foi realizada em áreas de cultivo de feijão, milho, azevem e soja e áreas de mata preservada adjacente. Foram amostrados três pontos aleatórios em cada cobertura vegetal, por meio de quadrados de 40 cm x 40 cm, nos quais se coletou toda serapilheira de mata e 0-10 cm de solo. Paralelamente foi determinada matéria orgânica, pH e conteúdo de água no solo. Os isópodas foram removidos das amostras, contados e conservados. Foram encontrados 43 exemplares nas matas preservadas e nenhum nos cultivos. Apenas duas espécies foram identificadas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que o impacto nas áreas agrícolas altera o habitat e o desenvolvimento dos isópodas e que as áreas de mata preservada podem constituir um importante refúgio esse grupo de organismos.

Translated abstract

Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea) are macro decomposers of organic matter and bio accumulators of metals. Soil management and farming practices have changed the population dynamics of isopods, jeopardizing the balance of agro ecosystems. We investigated the potential of preserved forest areas as a refuge for isopod populations in agro ecosystems. The investigation was carried out in areas with different cover types: beans, corn, soybeans, rye grass and adjacent preserved native forest areas. We sampled three points at random using squares of 40 cm x 40 cm, in which we collected the litter of the forest area and a 0-10 cm layer of soil. We also estimated the organic matter, pH and soil moisture. The isopods were removed from the samples, counted and preserved. Forty-three specimens were found in the forest samples and none in the samples from cultivated areas. Only two distinct species were identified. The results showed the impact of agricultural areas on populations of terrestrial isopods, and the importance of preserved forest areas as a refuge for isopods.

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Most cited references 21

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Feeding behaviour of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus Brandt, 1833 (Crustacea, Isopoda) in response to changes in food quality and contamination.

Ana S. Brandão, Ibevan Nogueira, Rosangela Soares … (2006)

Soil decomposition is mainly dependent on the nature and characteristics of organic matter within the soil, the environmental conditions and the activity of microorganisms and soil fauna. Isopods play an important role in decomposition through litter fragmentation and stimulating and/or ingesting fungi and bacteria. The aim of this study was to jointly evaluate the effect of different food types and the effect of heavy metal contamination of those foods through isopod feeding performance assays. These studies used the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. After feeding with different leaf types for the study on feeding performance, alder leaves were chosen for the contamination experiments. Feeding parameters like consumption, assimilation, egestion and growth ratios were calculated and compared among treatments and food type. Lower quality food decreased isopods performance. Exotic food types were shown to be less preferred than alder or oak leaves. Contaminated food also resulted in a decrease in performance among the feeding parameters studies, although isopods can tolerate in certain cases high amounts of heavy metals. For this reason it is possible that in future this crustacean can be used as bioindicators of soil contamination or in the evaluation of contaminated sites or remediation processes.