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      Generative Participatory Design Methodology to Develop Electronic Health Interventions: Systematic Literature Review

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          Abstract

          Background

          Generative participatory design (PD) may help in developing electronic health (eHealth) interventions. PD is characterized by the involvement of all stakeholders in creative activities. This is different from the traditional user-centered design, where users are less involved. When looking at PD from a research through design perspective, it is important to summarize the reasons for choosing a certain form of generative PD to further develop its methodology. However, the scientific literature is currently unclear about which forms of PD are used to develop eHealth and which arguments are used to substantiate the decision to use a certain form of generative PD.

          Objective

          This study aimed to explore the reporting and substantiation of generative PD methodologies in empirical eHealth studies published in scientific journals to further develop PD methodology in the field of eHealth.

          Methods

          A systematic literature review following the Cochrane guidelines was conducted in several databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, and CINAHL EBSCOhost). Data were extracted on the recruitment and management of stakeholders, the use of tools, and the use of outcome measures.

          Results

          Of the 3131 studies initially identified, 69 were selected for qualitative synthesis. The reporting was very variable, depending to a large extent on whether the study stated that reporting on the PD process was a major aim. The different levels of reporting and substantiation of the choices of a recruitment strategy, stakeholder management, and tools and outcome measures are presented. Only a few authors explicitly used arguments directly related to PD guiding principles such as democratic, mutual learning, tacit and latent knowledge, and collective creativity. Even though PD principles were not always explicitly discussed in the method descriptions of the studies, they were implicitly present, mostly in the descriptions of the use of PD tools. The arguments used to substantiate the choices made in stakeholder management, PD tools, and the type of outcome measures adopted point to the involvement of PD principles.

          Conclusions

          Studies that have used a PD research methodology to develop eHealth primarily substantiate the choice of tools made and much less the use of stakeholders and outcome measures.

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          Most cited references82

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          A design thinking framework for healthcare management and innovation.

          The business community has learned the value of design thinking as a way to innovate in addressing people's needs--and health systems could benefit enormously from doing the same. This paper lays out how design thinking applies to healthcare challenges and how systems might utilize this proven and accessible problem-solving process. We show how design thinking can foster new approaches to complex and persistent healthcare problems through human-centered research, collective and diverse teamwork and rapid prototyping. We introduce the core elements of design thinking for a healthcare audience and show how it can supplement current healthcare management, innovation and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Med Internet Res
                J. Med. Internet Res
                JMIR
                Journal of Medical Internet Research
                JMIR Publications (Toronto, Canada )
                1439-4456
                1438-8871
                April 2020
                27 April 2020
                : 22
                : 4
                : e13780
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management Rotterdam Netherlands
                [2 ] Medical Library Erasmus MC Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam Netherlands
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Pieter Vandekerckhove vandekerckhove@ 123456eshpm.eur.nl
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-6563
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-5920
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2681-9180
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-4537
                Article
                v22i4e13780
                10.2196/13780
                7215492
                32338617
                ddeef349-3e7d-40e8-95dd-469a58f16c60
                ©Pieter Vandekerckhove, Marleen de Mul, Wichor M Bramer, Antoinette A de Bont. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 27.04.2020.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

                History
                : 15 March 2019
                : 3 October 2019
                : 10 December 2019
                : 16 December 2019
                Categories
                Review
                Review

                Medicine
                cocreation,co-design,participatory design,telemedicine,ehealth,medical informatics,method,methodology,review

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