Septic versus non-septic acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: characteristics and clinical outcomes Translated title: Lesão renal aguda séptica versus não séptica em pacientes graves: características e desfechos clínicos

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to describe and compare the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with septic and non-septic acute kidney injury.

Methods

This study evaluated an open cohort of 117 critically ill patients with acute kidney injury who were consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit, excluding patients with a history of advanced-stage chronic kidney disease, kidney transplantation, hospitalization or death in a period shorter than 24 hours. The presence of sepsis and in-hospital death were the exposure and primary variables in this study, respectively. A confounding analysis was performed using logistic regression.

Results

No significant differences were found between the mean ages of the groups with septic and non-septic acute kidney injury [65.30±21.27 years versus 66.35±12.82 years, respectively; p=0.75]. In the septic and non-septic acute kidney injury groups, a predominance of females (57.4% versus 52.4%, respectively; p=0.49) and Afro-descendants (81.5% versus 76.2%, respectively; p=0.49) was observed. Compared with the non-septic patients, the patients with sepsis had a higher mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score [21.73±7.26 versus 15.75±5.98; p<0.001)] and a higher mean water balance (p=0.001). Arterial hypertension (p=0.01) and heart failure (p<0.001) were more common in the non-septic patients. Septic acute kidney injury was associated with a greater number of patients who required dialysis (p=0.001) and a greater number of deaths (p<0.001); however, renal function recovery was more common in this group (p=0.01). Sepsis (OR: 3.88; 95%CI: 1.51-10.00) and an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score >18.5 (OR: 9.77; 95%CI: 3.73-25.58) were associated with death in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Sepsis was an independent predictor of death. Significant differences were found between the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with septic versus non-septic acute kidney injury.

Translated abstract

Objetivo

Descrever e comparar as características e os desfechos clínicos de pacientes com lesão renal aguda séptica e não séptica.

Métodos

Coorte aberta com 117 pacientes graves com lesão renal aguda consecutivamente admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva, sendo excluídos aqueles que apresentavam doença renal crônica em estágio avançado, transplante renal, internação ou morte em um período inferior a 24 horas. Presença de sepse e óbito intra-hospitalar representaram, respectivamente, a exposição e o desfecho principal. Análise de confundimento foi realizada com a regressão logística.

Resultados

Não houve diferenças na média de idade entre os grupos com lesão renal aguda séptica e não séptica [65,30±(21,27) anos versus 66,35±12,82 anos; p=0,75]. Nos dois grupos, similarmente, observou-se predomínio do sexo feminino (57,4% versus 52,4%; p=0,49) e de afrodescendentes (81,5% versus 76,2%; p=0,49). Os pacientes com sepse apresentaram maiores médias de escore Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [21,73±7,26 versus 15,75± (5,98; p<0,001)] e maiores médias de balanço hídrico (p=0,001). Hipertensão arterial (p=0,01) e insuficiência cardíaca (p<0,001) foram mais frequentes entre os não sépticos. A lesão renal aguda séptica foi associada à maior necessidade de diálise (p=0,001) e óbito (p<0,001); no entanto, a recuperação da função renal também foi mais frequente nesse grupo (p=0,01). Na análise multivariada, sepse (OR: 3,88; IC95%: 1,51-10,00) e escores Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II >18,5 (OR: 9,77; IC95%: 3,73-25,58) foram associados ao óbito.

Conclusão

Sepse foi um preditor independente para óbito. Existem diferenças entre as características e desfechos clínicos dos pacientes com lesão renal aguda séptica versus não séptica.